--- title: 2 Samuel 4:11 — How much more, when wicked men have slain a righteous person in his… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: How much more, when wicked men have slain a righteous person in his own house upon his bed, shall I not now require his blood of your hand, and take you away from the earth?' Who acts: wicked men, I. 2 Samuel 4:11 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of ev --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.4.11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/4/) / 4:11 # 2 Samuel 4:11 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** wicked men, I · **What happens:** slay, not require, take away · **To what, where:** righteous person, own house, blood, you, earth This is 2 Samuel 4:11 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — wicked men, I — and what happens in the verse to righteous person, own house, blood, you, earth, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אַ֞ף כִּֽי־אֲנָשִׁ֣ים רְשָׁעִ֗ים הָרְג֧וּ אֶת־אִישׁ־צַדִּ֛יק בְּבֵית֖וֹ עַל־מִשְׁכָּב֑וֹ וְעַתָּ֗ה הֲל֨וֹא אֲבַקֵּ֤שׁ אֶת־דָּמוֹ֙ מִיֶּדְכֶ֔ם וּבִעַרְתִּ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ [How much more, when wicked men have slain a righteous person in his own house upon his bed, shall I not now require his blood of your hand, and take you away from the earth?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.124/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:108 # text = אַ֞ף כִּֽי־אֲנָשִׁ֣ים רְשָׁעִ֗ים הָרְג֧וּ אֶת־אִישׁ־צַדִּ֛יק בְּבֵית֖וֹ עַל־מִשְׁכָּב֑וֹ וְעַתָּ֗ה הֲל֨וֹא אֲבַקֵּ֤שׁ אֶת־דָּמוֹ֙ מִיֶּדְכֶ֔ם וּבִעַרְתִּ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ # verse = 2SA.4.11 1 אַ֞ף אַף ADV _ _ 5 advmod _ Gloss=indeed?|Ref=2SA_4:11!1|MId=o100040110011|Strong=0637|Type=affirmation 2 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 5 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=2SA_4:11!2|MId=o100040110021|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 3 אֲנָשִׁ֣ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ Gloss=men|Ref=2SA_4:11!3|MId=o100040110031|Strong=0376 4 רְשָׁעִ֗ים רָשָׁע ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 amod _ Gloss=wicked|Ref=2SA_4:11!4|MId=o100040110041|Strong=7563|Type=adjective 5 הָרְג֧וּ הָרַג VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.have.killed|Ref=2SA_4:11!5|MId=o100040110051|Strong=2026|Frame=A0:100040110031;A1:100040110071;|Type=qatal 6 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_4:11!6|MId=o100040110061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 7 אִישׁ־ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obj _ Gloss=a.man|Ref=2SA_4:11!7|MId=o100040110071|Strong=0376|SpaceAfter=No 8 צַדִּ֛יק צַדִּיק ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 amod _ Gloss=righteous|Ref=2SA_4:11!8|MId=o100040110081|Strong=6662|Type=adjective 9-11 בְּבֵית֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_4:11!9|MId=o100040110091|Strong=0871a 10 בֵית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=his.own|Ref=2SA_4:11!9|MId=o100040110092|Strong=1004 11 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=house|Ref=2SA_4:11!9|MId=o100040110093|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 12 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=2SA_4:11!10|MId=o100040110101|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 מִשְׁכָּב֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 מִשְׁכָּב מִשְׁכָּב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=bed|Ref=2SA_4:11!11|MId=o100040110111|Strong=4904 14 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his.own|Ref=2SA_4:11!11|MId=o100040110112|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15-16 וְעַתָּ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_4:11!12|MId=o100040110121|Strong=2050b 16 עַתָּ֗ה עַתָּה ADV _ _ 5 advmod _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=2SA_4:11!12|MId=o100040110122|Strong=6258 17-18 הֲל֨וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 19 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=2SA_4:11!13|MId=o100040110131|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 18 ל֨וֹא לֹא ADV _ _ 19 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=2SA_4:11!13|MId=o100040110132|Strong=3808|Type=negative 19 אֲבַקֵּ֤שׁ בָּקַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 5 parataxis _ Gloss=will.I.require|Ref=2SA_4:11!14|MId=o100040110141|Strong=1245|Frame=A0:100040090021;A1:100040110161;|Type=yiqtol 20 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_4:11!15|MId=o100040110151|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 21-22 דָּמוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 דָּמ דָּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obj _ Gloss=blood|Ref=2SA_4:11!16|MId=o100040110161|Strong=1818 22 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_4:11!16|MId=o100040110162|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 23-25 מִיֶּדְכֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2SA_4:11!17|MId=o100040110171|Strong=4480 24 יֶּד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=hand|Ref=2SA_4:11!17|MId=o100040110172|Strong=3027 25 ְכֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=2SA_4:11!17|MId=o100040110173|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 26-27 וּבִעַרְתִּ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_4:11!18|MId=o100040110181|Strong=2050b 27 בִעַרְתִּ֥י בָּעַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 19 conj _ Gloss=I.will.remove|Ref=2SA_4:11!18|MId=o100040110182|Strong=1197a|Frame=A0:100040090021;A1:100040110192;|Type=weqatal 28-29 אֶתְכֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 אֶת אֵת ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=|Ref=2SA_4:11!19|MId=o100040110191|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 29 ְכֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 27 obj _ Gloss=you|Ref=2SA_4:11!19|MId=o100040110192|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 30 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2SA_4:11!20|MId=o100040110201|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 31-32 הָאָֽרֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_4:11!21|MId=o100040110211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 אָֽרֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 27 obl _ Gloss=earth|Ref=2SA_4:11!21|MId=o100040110212|Strong=0776 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=2SA_4:11!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הָרְגוּ *they have killed* | qatal · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | אִישׁ־ *a man* | | | | **not** אֲבַקֵּשׁ *will I require* | yiqtol · piel | | דָּמ *blood* | | | | בִעַרְתִּי *I will remove* | weqatal · piel | | ְכֶם *you* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אַף אֲרֵי גַבְרִין רַשִׁיעַיָא קְטַלוּ יַת גְבַר זַכַּאי בְּבֵיתֵיהּ עַל שִׁווּיֵה וּכְעַן הֲלָא אִתְבַּע יַת דְמֵיהּ מִיֶדְכוֹן וַאֲפַלֵי יַתְכוֹן מִן אַרְעָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [How much more, when wicked men have slain a righteous person in his own house upon his bed, shall I not now require his blood of your hand, and take you away from the earth?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.124/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:108`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 4:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.4.10/) - next →: [2 Samuel 4:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.4.12/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/4/)