--- title: 2 Samuel 4:12 — And David commanded his young men, and they slew them, and cut off t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And David commanded his young men, and they slew them, and cut off their hands and their feet, and hanged them up beside the pool in Hebron. But they took the head of Ish-bosheth, and buried it in the grave of Abner in Hebron. Who acts: David, men. 2 Samuel 4:12 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, T --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.4.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/4/) / 4:12 # 2 Samuel 4:12 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** David, men · **What happens:** command, slay, cut off, hang up, take, bury · **To what, where:** young men, hands, men, pool, head, grave · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 4:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — David, men — and what happens in the verse to young men, hands, men, pool, head, grave, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְצַו֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶת־הַנְּעָרִ֜ים וַיַּהַרְג֗וּם וַֽיְקַצְּצ֤וּ אֶת־יְדֵיהֶם֙ וְאֶת־רַגְלֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּתְל֥וּ עַל־הַבְּרֵכָ֖ה בְּחֶבְר֑וֹן וְאֵ֨ת רֹ֤אשׁ אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֙שֶׁת֙אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֙שֶׁת֙ לָקָ֔חוּ וַיִּקְבְּר֥וּ בְקֶֽבֶר־אַבְנֵ֖ר בְּחֶבְרֽוֹן׃פ [And David commanded his young men, and they slew them, and cut off their hands and their feet, and hanged them up beside the pool in Hebron.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.125/) [But they took the head of Ish-bosheth, and buried it in the grave of Abner in Hebron.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.126/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:109 # text = וַיְצַו֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶת־הַנְּעָרִ֜ים וַיַּהַרְג֗וּם וַֽיְקַצְּצ֤וּ אֶת־יְדֵיהֶם֙ וְאֶת־רַגְלֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּתְל֥וּ עַל־הַבְּרֵכָ֖ה בְּחֶבְר֑וֹן וְאֵ֨ת רֹ֤אשׁ אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֙שֶׁת֙אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֙שֶׁת֙ לָקָ֔חוּ וַיִּקְבְּר֥וּ בְקֶֽבֶר־אַבְנֵ֖ר בְּחֶבְרֽוֹן׃פ # verse = 2SA.4.12 1-2 וַיְצַו֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_4:12!1|MId=o100040120011|Strong=2050b 2 יְצַו֩ צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.commanded|Ref=2SA_4:12!1|MId=o100040120012|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:100040120021;A1:100040120042;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 דָּוִ֨ד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=David|Ref=2SA_4:12!2|MId=o100040120021|Strong=1732 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_4:12!3|MId=o100040120031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 הַנְּעָרִ֜ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the.young|Ref=2SA_4:12!4|MId=o100040120041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 נְּעָרִ֜ים נַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obj _ Gloss=men|Ref=2SA_4:12!4|MId=o100040120042|Strong=5288 7-9 וַיַּהַרְג֗וּם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_4:12!5|MId=o100040120051|Strong=2050b 8 יַּהַרְג֗וּ הָרַג VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=2SA_4:12!5|MId=o100040120052|Strong=2026|Frame=A0:100040120042;A1:100040120053;|Type=wayyiqtol 9 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obj _ Gloss=killed.them|Ref=2SA_4:12!5|MId=o100040120053|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 10-11 וַֽיְקַצְּצ֤וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_4:12!6|MId=o100040120061|Strong=2050b 11 יְקַצְּצ֤וּ קָצַץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.cut.off|Ref=2SA_4:12!6|MId=o100040120062|Strong=7112|Frame=A0:100040120042;A1:100040120081;100040120101;|Type=wayyiqtol 12 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_4:12!7|MId=o100040120071|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 יְדֵיהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 יְדֵי יָד NOUN _ Number=Dual 11 obj _ Gloss=hands|Ref=2SA_4:12!8|MId=o100040120081|Strong=3027 14 הֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=2SA_4:12!8|MId=o100040120082|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 15-16 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_4:12!9|MId=o100040120091|Strong=2050b 16 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_4:12!9|MId=o100040120092|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 17-18 רַגְלֵיהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 רַגְלֵי רֶגֶל NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 13 conj _ Gloss=feet|Ref=2SA_4:12!10|MId=o100040120101|Strong=7272 18 הֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=2SA_4:12!10|MId=o100040120102|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 19-20 וַיִּתְל֥וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_4:12!11|MId=o100040120111|Strong=2050b 20 יִּתְל֥וּ תָּלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.hanged.[them]|Ref=2SA_4:12!11|MId=o100040120112|Strong=8518|Frame=A0:100040120042;A1:100040120081;100040120101;|Type=wayyiqtol 21 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=2SA_4:12!12|MId=o100040120121|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 22-23 הַבְּרֵכָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_4:12!13|MId=o100040120131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 בְּרֵכָ֖ה בְּרֵכָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=pool|Ref=2SA_4:12!13|MId=o100040120132|Strong=1295 24-25 בְּחֶבְר֑וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_4:12!14|MId=o100040120141|Strong=0871a 25 חֶבְר֑וֹן חֶבְרוֹן PROPN _ _ 20 obl _ Gloss=Hebron|Ref=2SA_4:12!14|MId=o100040120142|Strong=2275 26-27 וְאֵ֨ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_4:12!15|MId=o100040120151|Strong=2050b 27 אֵ֨ת אֵת ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_4:12!15|MId=o100040120152|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 28 רֹ֤אשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 obj _ Gloss=the.head|Ref=2SA_4:12!16|MId=o100040120161|Strong=7218 29-30 אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֙שֶׁת֙אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֙שֶׁת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֙שֶׁת֙ אִישׁ־בֹּשֶׁת PROPN _ _ 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=2SA_4:12!17|MId=o100040120171 30 אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֙שֶׁת֙ אִישׁבֹשֶׁת PROPN _ _ 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Ish-bosheth|Ref=2SA_4:12!18|MId=o100040120181 31 לָקָ֔חוּ לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.took|Ref=2SA_4:12!19|MId=o100040120191|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:100040120042;A1:100040120161;|Type=qatal 32-33 וַיִּקְבְּר֥וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_4:12!20|MId=o100040120201|Strong=2050b 33 יִּקְבְּר֥וּ קָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.buried.[it]|Ref=2SA_4:12!20|MId=o100040120202|Strong=6912|Frame=A0:100040120042;A1:100040120161;|Type=wayyiqtol 34-35 בְקֶֽבֶר־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_4:12!21|MId=o100040120211|Strong=0871a 35 קֶֽבֶר־ קֶבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 obl _ Gloss=the.tomb|Ref=2SA_4:12!21|MId=o100040120212|Strong=6913 36 אַבְנֵ֖ר אַבְנֵר PROPN _ _ 35 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Abner|Ref=2SA_4:12!22|MId=o100040120221|Strong=0074 37-38 בְּחֶבְרֽוֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=2SA_4:12!23|MId=o100040120231|Strong=0871a 38 חֶבְרֽוֹן חֶבְרוֹן PROPN _ _ 33 obl _ Gloss=Hebron|Ref=2SA_4:12!23|MId=o100040120232|Strong=2275 39 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 38 punct _ Ref=2SA_4:12!23|SpaceAfter=No 40 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 38 punct _ Ref=2SA_4:12!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְצַו *he commanded* | wayyiqtol · piel | דָּוִד *David* | נְּעָרִים *men* | | | | יַּהַרְגוּ *they* | wayyiqtol · qal | נְּעָרִים *men* | ם *killed them* | | | | יְקַצְּצוּ *they cut off* | wayyiqtol · piel | נְּעָרִים *men* | יְדֵי *hands* + רַגְלֵי *feet* | | | | יִּתְלוּ *they hanged \[them\]* | wayyiqtol · qal | נְּעָרִים *men* | יְדֵי *hands* + רַגְלֵי *feet* | | | | לָקָחוּ *they took* | qatal · qal | נְּעָרִים *men* | רֹאשׁ *the head* | | | | יִּקְבְּרוּ *they buried \[it\]* | wayyiqtol · qal | נְּעָרִים *men* | רֹאשׁ *the head* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּפַקֵיד דָוִד יַת עוּלֵמַיָא וְקַטְלִינוּן וּקְצִיצוּ יַת יְדֵיהוֹן וְיַת רַגְלֵיהוֹן וּצְלָבוּ עַל בְּרֵכָתָא בְּחֶבְרוֹן וְיַת רֵישׁ אִישׁ בּוֹשֶׁת נְסִיבוּ וּקְבָרוּ בְּקִבְרָא דְאַבְנֵר בְּחֶבְרוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And David commanded his young men, and they slew them, and cut off their hands and their feet, and hanged them up beside the pool in Hebron.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.125/) 2. [But they took the head of Ish-bosheth, and buried it in the grave of Abner in Hebron.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.126/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:109`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 4:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.4.11/) - next →: [2 Samuel 5:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.5.1/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/4/)