--- title: 2 Samuel 4:3 — and the Beerothites fled to Gittaim, and have been sojourners there… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: and the Beerothites fled to Gittaim, and have been sojourners there until this day. Who acts: Beerothites. 2 Samuel 4:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.4.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/4/) / 4:3 # 2 Samuel 4:3 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** Beerothites · **What happens:** flee, be · **To what, where:** Gittaim, sojourners This is 2 Samuel 4:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Beerothites — and what happens in the verse to Gittaim, sojourners, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּבְרְח֥וּ הַבְּאֵרֹתִ֖ים גִּתָּ֑יְמָה וַֽיִּהְיוּ־שָׁ֣ם גָּרִ֔ים עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ס [and the Beerothites fled to Gittaim, and have been sojourners there until this day.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.114/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:100 # text = וַיִּבְרְח֥וּ הַבְּאֵרֹתִ֖ים גִּתָּ֑יְמָה וַֽיִּהְיוּ־שָׁ֣ם גָּרִ֔ים עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ס # verse = 2SA.4.3 1-2 וַיִּבְרְח֥וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_4:3!1|MId=o100040030011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּבְרְח֥וּ בָּרַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.had.fled|Ref=2SA_4:3!1|MId=o100040030012|Strong=1272|Frame=A0:100040030022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 הַבְּאֵרֹתִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_4:3!2|MId=o100040030021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 בְּאֵרֹתִ֖ים בְּאֵרֹתִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Beerothites|Ref=2SA_4:3!2|MId=o100040030022|Strong=0886|Type=gentilic 5-6 גִּתָּ֑יְמָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 גִּתָּ֑יְמ גִּתָּיִם PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_4:3!3|MId=o100040030031|Strong=1664 6 ָה ה X _ _ 5 nmod _ Gloss=Gittaim|Ref=2SA_4:3!3|MId=o100040030032|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 7-8 וַֽיִּהְיוּ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_4:3!4|MId=o100040030041|Strong=2050b 8 יִּהְיוּ־ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 10 cop _ Gloss=they.have.been|Ref=2SA_4:3!4|MId=o100040030042|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:100040030022;|Type=wayyiqtol 9 שָׁ֣ם שָׁם ADV _ _ 10 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=2SA_4:3!5|MId=o100040030051|Strong=8033 10 גָּרִ֔ים גּוּר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 2 conj _ Gloss=sojourning|Ref=2SA_4:3!6|MId=o100040030061|Strong=1481|Frame=A0:100040030022;|Type=participle_active 11 עַ֖ד עַד ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=2SA_4:3!7|MId=o100040030071|Strong=5704 12-13 הַיּ֥וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_4:3!8|MId=o100040030081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 יּ֥וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=2SA_4:3!8|MId=o100040030082|Strong=3117 14-15 הַזֶּֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2SA_4:3!9|MId=o100040030091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 זֶּֽה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 13 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=2SA_4:3!9|MId=o100040030092|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 16 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 15 punct _ Ref=2SA_4:3!9|SpaceAfter=No 17 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 15 punct _ Ref=2SA_4:3!9 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּבְרְחוּ *they had fled* | wayyiqtol · qal | בְּאֵרֹתִים *Beerothites* | | | | | יִּהְיוּ־ *they have been* | wayyiqtol · qal | בְּאֵרֹתִים *Beerothites* | | | | | גָּרִים *sojourning* | participle active · qal | בְּאֵרֹתִים *Beerothites* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַעֲרַקוּ אֱנַשׁ בְּאֵרוֹת לְגִתָּיִם וַהֲווֹ תַמָן דַיָרִין עַד יוֹמָא הָדֵין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [and the Beerothites fled to Gittaim, and have been sojourners there until this day.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.114/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:100`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 4:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.4.2/) - next →: [2 Samuel 4:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.4.4/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/4/)