--- title: 2 Samuel 4:4 — Now Jonathan, Saul's son, had a son that was lame of his feet. He wa… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now Jonathan, Saul's son, had a son that was lame of his feet. He was five years old when the tidings came of Saul and Jonathan out of Jezreel, and his nurse took him up, and fled; and it came to pass, as she made haste to flee, that he fell, and became lame. And his name was Mephibosheth. Who acts: --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.4.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/4/) / 4:4 # 2 Samuel 4:4 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** Jonathan, son, tidings, nurse, Saul, name · **What happens:** have, be, come, take up, flee, pass · **To what, where:** son, Jonathan, haste, Mephibosheth This is 2 Samuel 4:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jonathan, son, tidings, nurse, Saul, name — and what happens in the verse to son, Jonathan, haste, Mephibosheth, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְלִיהֽוֹנָתָן֙ בֶּן־שָׁא֔וּל בֵּ֖ן נְכֵ֣ה רַגְלָ֑יִם בֶּן־חָמֵ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֣ים הָיָ֡ה בְּבֹ֣א שְׁמֻעַת֩ שָׁא֨וּל וִיהֽוֹנָתָ֜ן מִֽיִּזְרְעֶ֗אל וַתִּשָּׂאֵ֤הוּ אֹֽמַנְתּוֹ֙ וַתָּנֹ֔ס וַיְהִ֞י בְּחָפְזָ֥הּ לָנ֛וּס וַיִּפֹּ֥ל וַיִּפָּסֵ֖חַ וּשְׁמ֥וֹ מְפִיבֹֽשֶׁת׃ [Now Jonathan, Saul's son, had a son that was lame of his feet.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.115/) [He was five years old when the tidings came of Saul and Jonathan out of Jezreel, and his nurse took him up, and fled; and it came to pass, as she made haste to flee, that he fell, and became lame.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.116/) [And his name was Mephibosheth.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.117/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:101 # text = וְלִיהֽוֹנָתָן֙ בֶּן־שָׁא֔וּל בֵּ֖ן נְכֵ֣ה רַגְלָ֑יִם בֶּן־חָמֵ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֣ים הָיָ֡ה בְּבֹ֣א שְׁמֻעַת֩ שָׁא֨וּל וִיהֽוֹנָתָ֜ן מִֽיִּזְרְעֶ֗אל וַתִּשָּׂאֵ֤הוּ אֹֽמַנְתּוֹ֙ וַתָּנֹ֔ס וַיְהִ֞י בְּחָפְזָ֥הּ לָנ֛וּס וַיִּפֹּ֥ל וַיִּפָּסֵ֖חַ וּשְׁמ֥וֹ מְפִיבֹֽשֶׁת׃ # verse = 2SA.4.4 1-3 וְלִיהֽוֹנָתָן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and.[belonged]|Ref=2SA_4:4!1|MId=o100040040011|Strong=2050b 2 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_4:4!1|MId=o100040040012|Strong=3807a 3 יהֽוֹנָתָן֙ יְהוֹנָתָן PROPN _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=Jonathan|Ref=2SA_4:4!1|MId=o100040040013|Strong=3083 4 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=2SA_4:4!2|MId=o100040040021|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 5 שָׁא֔וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Saul|Ref=2SA_4:4!3|MId=o100040040031|Strong=7586 6 בֵּ֖ן בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Gloss=a.son|Ref=2SA_4:4!4|MId=o100040040041|Strong=1121 7 נְכֵ֣ה נָכֵה ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 amod _ Gloss=stricken|Ref=2SA_4:4!5|MId=o100040040051|Strong=5223|Type=adjective 8 רַגְלָ֑יִם רֶגֶל NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.feet|Ref=2SA_4:4!6|MId=o100040040061|Strong=7272 9 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ Gloss=a.son|Ref=2SA_4:4!7|MId=o100040040071|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 10 חָמֵ֣שׁ חָמֵשׁ NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 nummod _ Gloss=of.five|Ref=2SA_4:4!8|MId=o100040040081|Strong=2568|Type=cardinal_number 11 שָׁנִ֣ים שָׁנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=years|Ref=2SA_4:4!9|MId=o100040040091|Strong=8141 12 הָיָ֡ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 9 cop _ Gloss=he.was|Ref=2SA_4:4!10|MId=o100040040101|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:100040040041;|Type=qatal 13-14 בְּבֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=when|Ref=2SA_4:4!11|MId=o100040040111|Strong=0871a 14 בֹ֣א בּוֹא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 9 advcl _ Gloss=came|Ref=2SA_4:4!11|MId=o100040040112|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:100040040121;|Type=infinitive_construct 15 שְׁמֻעַת֩ שְׁמוּעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ Gloss=the.report|Ref=2SA_4:4!12|MId=o100040040121|Strong=8052 16 שָׁא֨וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Saul|Ref=2SA_4:4!13|MId=o100040040131|Strong=7586 17-18 וִיהֽוֹנָתָ֜ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וִ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_4:4!14|MId=o100040040141|Strong=2050b 18 יהֽוֹנָתָ֜ן יְהוֹנָתָן PROPN _ _ 16 conj _ Gloss=Jonathan|Ref=2SA_4:4!14|MId=o100040040142|Strong=3083 19-20 מִֽיִּזְרְעֶ֗אל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 מִֽ מִן ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2SA_4:4!15|MId=o100040040151|Strong=4480 20 יִּזְרְעֶ֗אל יִזְרְעֶאל PROPN _ _ 14 obl _ Gloss=Jezreel|Ref=2SA_4:4!15|MId=o100040040152|Strong=3157a 21-23 וַתִּשָּׂאֵ֤הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_4:4!16|MId=o100040040161|Strong=2050b 22 תִּשָּׂא נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=she|Ref=2SA_4:4!16|MId=o100040040162|Strong=5375|Frame=A1:100040040163;A0:100040040171;|Type=wayyiqtol 23 ֵ֤הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obj _ Gloss=lifted.him|Ref=2SA_4:4!16|MId=o100040040163|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 24-25 אֹֽמַנְתּוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 אֹֽמַנְתּ אָמַן VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ Gloss=nurse|Ref=2SA_4:4!17|MId=o100040040171|Strong=0539a|Frame=A1:100040040172;|Type=participle_active 25 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_4:4!17|MId=o100040040172|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 26-27 וַתָּנֹ֔ס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_4:4!18|MId=o100040040181|Strong=2050b 27 תָּנֹ֔ס נוּס VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=she.fled|Ref=2SA_4:4!18|MId=o100040040182|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:100040040171;|Type=wayyiqtol 28-29 וַיְהִ֞י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_4:4!19|MId=o100040040191|Strong=2050b 29 יְהִ֞י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=2SA_4:4!19|MId=o100040040192|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 30-32 בְּחָפְזָ֥הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=when|Ref=2SA_4:4!20|MId=o100040040201|Strong=0871a 31 חָפְז חָפַז VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 29 advcl _ Gloss=she|Ref=2SA_4:4!20|MId=o100040040202|Strong=2648|Frame=A0:100040040203;|Type=infinitive_construct 32 ָ֥הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ Gloss=made.haste|Ref=2SA_4:4!20|MId=o100040040203|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 33-34 לָנ֛וּס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_4:4!21|MId=o100040040211|Strong=3807a 34 נ֛וּס נוּס VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 31 advcl _ Gloss=flee|Ref=2SA_4:4!21|MId=o100040040212|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:100040040171;|Type=infinitive_construct 35-36 וַיִּפֹּ֥ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_4:4!22|MId=o100040040221|Strong=2050b 36 יִּפֹּ֥ל נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.fell|Ref=2SA_4:4!22|MId=o100040040222|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:100040040041;|Type=wayyiqtol 37-38 וַיִּפָּסֵ֖חַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_4:4!23|MId=o100040040231|Strong=2050b 38 יִּפָּסֵ֖חַ פָּסַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.became.lame|Ref=2SA_4:4!23|MId=o100040040232|Strong=6452a|Frame=A0:100040040041;|Type=wayyiqtol 39-41 וּשְׁמ֥וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 42 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_4:4!24|MId=o100040040241|Strong=2050b 40 שְׁמ שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 42 nsubj _ Gloss=name|Ref=2SA_4:4!24|MId=o100040040242|Strong=8034 41 ֥וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_4:4!24|MId=o100040040243|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 42 מְפִיבֹֽשֶׁת מְפִיבֹשֶׁת PROPN _ _ 3 conj _ Gloss=[was].Mephibosheth|Ref=2SA_4:4!25|MId=o100040040251|Strong=4648|SpaceAfter=No 43 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 42 punct _ Ref=2SA_4:4!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הָיָה *he was* | qatal · qal | בֵּן *a son* | | | | | בֹא *came* | infinitive construct · qal | שְׁמֻעַת *the report* | | | | | תִּשָּׂא *she* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֹֽמַנְתּ *nurse* | ֵהוּ *lifted him* | | | | אֹֽמַנְתּ *nurse* | participle active · qal | | וֹ *his* | | | | תָּנֹס *she fled* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֹֽמַנְתּ *nurse* | | | | | חָפְז *she* | infinitive construct · qal | ָהּ *made haste* | | | | | נוּס *flee* | infinitive construct · qal | אֹֽמַנְתּ *nurse* | | | | | יִּפֹּל *he fell* | wayyiqtol · qal | בֵּן *a son* | | | | | יִּפָּסֵחַ *he became lame* | wayyiqtol · niphal | בֵּן *a son* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְלִיהוֹנָתָן בַּר שָׁאוּל בְּרָא לָקֵי בִּתְרֵין רִגְלוֹהִי בַּר חָמֵשׁ שְׁנִין הֲוָה כַּד אָתַת בְּשׂוּרַת שָׁאוּל וִיהוֹנָתָן מִיִזְרְעֶאל וּנְטַלְתֵּיהּ תּוּרְבַנְתֵּיהּ וְאַפֵּיכַת וַהֲוָה בְּאִתְבָּעֲיוּתָה לְמֶעֶרַק וּנְפַל וַחֲגָר וּשְׁמֵיהּ מְפִיבֹשֶׁת: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now Jonathan, Saul's son, had a son that was lame of his feet.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.115/) 2. [He was five years old when the tidings came of Saul and Jonathan out of Jezreel, and his nurse took him up, and fled; and it came to pass, as she made haste to flee, that he fell, and became lame.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.116/) 3. [And his name was Mephibosheth.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.117/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:101`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 4:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.4.3/) - next →: [2 Samuel 4:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.4.5/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/4/)