--- title: 2 Samuel 4:8 — And they brought the head of Ish-bosheth unto David to Hebron, and s… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And they brought the head of Ish-bosheth unto David to Hebron, and said to the king: 'Behold the head of Ish-bosheth the son of Saul thine enemy, who sought thy life; and the LORD hath avenged my lord the king this day of Saul, and of his seed.' Who acts: Baanah, enemy, LORD. 2 Samuel 4:8 in Hebrew --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.4.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/4/) / 4:8 # 2 Samuel 4:8 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** Baanah, enemy, LORD · **What happens:** bring, say, behold, seek, avenge · **To what, where:** head, Hebron, life, lord · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is 2 Samuel 4:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Baanah, enemy, LORD — and what happens in the verse to head, Hebron, life, lord, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַ֠יָּבִאוּ אֶת־רֹ֨אשׁ אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֥שֶׁתאִֽישׁ־בֹּ֥שֶׁת אֶל־דָּוִד֮ חֶבְרוֹן֒ וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ הִנֵּֽה־רֹ֣אשׁ אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֗שֶׁתאִֽישׁ־בֹּ֗שֶׁת בֶּן־שָׁאוּל֙ אֹֽיִבְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁ֥ר בִּקֵּ֖שׁ אֶת־נַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ וַיִּתֵּ֣ן יְ֠הוָה לַֽאדֹנִ֨י הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ נְקָמוֹת֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה מִשָּׁא֖וּל וּמִזַּרְעֽוֹ׃ס [And they brought the head of Ish-bosheth unto David to Hebron, and said to the king: 'Behold the head of Ish-bosheth the son of Saul thine enemy, who sought thy life; and the LORD hath avenged my lord the king this day of Saul, and of his seed.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.121/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:105 # text = וַ֠יָּבִאוּ אֶת־רֹ֨אשׁ אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֥שֶׁתאִֽישׁ־בֹּ֥שֶׁת אֶל־דָּוִד֮ חֶבְרוֹן֒ וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ הִנֵּֽה־רֹ֣אשׁ אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֗שֶׁתאִֽישׁ־בֹּ֗שֶׁת בֶּן־שָׁאוּל֙ אֹֽיִבְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁ֥ר בִּקֵּ֖שׁ אֶת־נַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ וַיִּתֵּ֣ן יְ֠הוָה לַֽאדֹנִ֨י הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ נְקָמוֹת֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה מִשָּׁא֖וּל וּמִזַּרְעֽוֹ׃ס # verse = 2SA.4.8 1-2 וַ֠יָּבִאוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_4:8!1|MId=o100040080011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּבִאוּ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.brought|Ref=2SA_4:8!1|MId=o100040080012|Strong=0935|Frame=AA:100040060112;100040060122;A0:100040080031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_4:8!2|MId=o100040080021|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 4 רֹ֨אשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=the.head|Ref=2SA_4:8!3|MId=o100040080031|Strong=7218 5-6 אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֥שֶׁתאִֽישׁ־בֹּ֥שֶׁת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֥שֶׁת אִישׁ־בֹּשֶׁת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=2SA_4:8!4|MId=o100040080041 6 אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֥שֶׁת אִישׁבֹשֶׁת PROPN _ _ 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Ish-bosheth|Ref=2SA_4:8!5|MId=o100040080051 7 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_4:8!6|MId=o100040080061|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 8 דָּוִד֮ דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=David|Ref=2SA_4:8!7|MId=o100040080071|Strong=1732 9 חֶבְרוֹן֒ חֶבְרוֹן PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Hebron|Ref=2SA_4:8!8|MId=o100040080081|Strong=2275 10-11 וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_4:8!9|MId=o100040080091|Strong=2050b 11 יֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=2SA_4:8!9|MId=o100040080092|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:100040060112;100040060122;|Type=wayyiqtol 12 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_4:8!10|MId=o100040080101|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_4:8!11|MId=o100040080111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 מֶּ֔לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=king|Ref=2SA_4:8!11|MId=o100040080112|Strong=4428 15 הִנֵּֽה־ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 16 discourse _ Gloss=here!|Ref=2SA_4:8!12|MId=o100040080121|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative|SpaceAfter=No 16 רֹ֣אשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 ccomp _ Gloss=the.head|Ref=2SA_4:8!13|MId=o100040080131|Strong=7218 17-18 אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֗שֶׁתאִֽישׁ־בֹּ֗שֶׁת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֗שֶׁת אִישׁ־בֹּשֶׁת PROPN _ _ 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=2SA_4:8!14|MId=o100040080141 18 אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֗שֶׁת אִישׁבֹשֶׁת PROPN _ _ 17 appos _ Gloss=Ish-bosheth|Ref=2SA_4:8!15|MId=o100040080151 19 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=2SA_4:8!16|MId=o100040080161|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 20 שָׁאוּל֙ שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Saul|Ref=2SA_4:8!17|MId=o100040080171|Strong=7586 21-22 אֹֽיִבְךָ֔ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 אֹֽיִב אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 20 appos _ Gloss=enemy|Ref=2SA_4:8!18|MId=o100040080181|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 22 ְךָ֔ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=2SA_4:8!18|MId=o100040080182|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 23 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 24 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=2SA_4:8!19|MId=o100040080191|Strong=0834|Type=relative 24 בִּקֵּ֖שׁ בָּקַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 21 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.sought|Ref=2SA_4:8!20|MId=o100040080201|Strong=1245|Frame=A0:100040080161;A1:100040080201;|Type=qatal 25 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_4:8!21|MId=o100040080211|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 26-27 נַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 נַפְשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 24 obj _ Gloss=life|Ref=2SA_4:8!22|MId=o100040080221|Strong=5315 27 ֶ֑ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=2SA_4:8!22|MId=o100040080222|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 28-29 וַיִּתֵּ֣ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_4:8!23|MId=o100040080231|Strong=2050b 29 יִּתֵּ֣ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.has.given|Ref=2SA_4:8!23|MId=o100040080232|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:100040080221;A1:100040080251;|Type=wayyiqtol 30 יְ֠הוָה יהוה PROPN _ _ 29 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=2SA_4:8!24|MId=o100040080241|Strong=3068 31-33 לַֽאדֹנִ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 לַֽ לְ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_4:8!25|MId=o100040080251|Strong=3807a 32 אדֹנ אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 obl _ Gloss=lord|Ref=2SA_4:8!25|MId=o100040080252|Strong=0113 33 ִ֨י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=2SA_4:8!25|MId=o100040080253|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 34-35 הַמֶּ֤לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_4:8!26|MId=o100040080261|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 מֶּ֤לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 appos _ Gloss=king|Ref=2SA_4:8!26|MId=o100040080262|Strong=4428 36 נְקָמוֹת֙ נְקָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 29 obj _ Gloss=vengeance(s)|Ref=2SA_4:8!27|MId=o100040080271|Strong=5360 37-38 הַיּ֣וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 38 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_4:8!28|MId=o100040080281|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 38 יּ֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=2SA_4:8!28|MId=o100040080282|Strong=3117 39-40 הַזֶּ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 40 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=2SA_4:8!29|MId=o100040080291|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 40 זֶּ֔ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 38 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=2SA_4:8!29|MId=o100040080292|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 41-42 מִשָּׁא֖וּל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2SA_4:8!30|MId=o100040080301|Strong=4480 42 שָּׁא֖וּל שָׁאוּל PROPN _ _ 29 obl _ Gloss=Saul|Ref=2SA_4:8!30|MId=o100040080302|Strong=7586 43-46 וּמִזַּרְעֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 45 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_4:8!31|MId=o100040080311|Strong=2050b 44 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 45 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=2SA_4:8!31|MId=o100040080312|Strong=4480 45 זַּרְע זֶרַע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 42 conj _ Gloss=offspring|Ref=2SA_4:8!31|MId=o100040080313|Strong=2233 46 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 45 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_4:8!31|MId=o100040080314|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 47 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 46 punct _ Ref=2SA_4:8!31|SpaceAfter=No 48 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 46 punct _ Ref=2SA_4:8!31 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּבִאוּ *they brought* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | רֹאשׁ *the head* | | | | | יֹּֽאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | בִּקֵּשׁ *he sought* | qatal · piel | בֶּן־ *the son* | בִּקֵּשׁ *he sought* | | | | יִּתֵּן *he has given* | wayyiqtol · qal | נַפְשׁ *life* | לַֽ *to* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאַיְתִיאוּ יַת רֵישׁ אִישׁ בּוֹשֶׁת לְוַת דָוִד לְחֶבְרוֹן וַאֲמַרוּ לְמַלְכָּא הָא רֵישׁ אִישׁ בֹּשֶׁת בַּר שָׁאוּל בְּעֵיל דְבָבָךְ דִבְעָא לְמִקְטְלָךְ וַעֲבַד יְיָ לְרִבּוֹנִי מַלְכָּא פּוּרְעֲנוּתָא יוֹמָא הָדֵין מִשָׁאוּל וּמִזַרְעֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And they brought the head of Ish-bosheth unto David to Hebron, and said to the king: 'Behold the head of Ish-bosheth the son of Saul thine enemy, who sought thy life; and the LORD hath avenged my lord the king this day of Saul, and of his seed.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.121/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:105`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 4:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.4.7/) - next →: [2 Samuel 4:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.4.9/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/4/)