--- title: 2 Samuel 8:10 — then Toi sent Joram his son unto king David, to salute him, and to b… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: then Toi sent Joram his son unto king David, to salute him, and to bless him — because he had fought against Hadadezer and smitten him; for Hadadezer had wars with Toi — and he brought with him vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and vessels of brass. Who acts: Toi, David, Hadadezer. 2 Samuel 8: --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.8.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/8/) / 8:10 # 2 Samuel 8:10 שְׁמוּאֵל ב **Who acts:** Toi, David, Hadadezer · **What happens:** send, salute, bless, fight, smite, have · **To what, where:** Joram, David, wars, vessels This is 2 Samuel 8:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Toi, David, Hadadezer — and what happens in the verse to Joram, David, wars, vessels, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of 2 Samuel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח תֹּ֣עִי אֶת־יֽוֹרָם־בְּנ֣וֹ אֶל־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ־דָּ֠וִד לִשְׁאָל־ל֨וֹ לְשָׁל֜וֹם וּֽלְבָרֲכ֗וֹ עַל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִלְחַ֤ם בַּהֲדַדְעֶ֙זֶר֙ וַיַּכֵּ֔הוּ כִּי־אִ֛ישׁ מִלְחֲמ֥וֹת תֹּ֖עִי הָיָ֣ה הֲדַדְעָ֑זֶר וּבְיָד֗וֹ הָי֛וּ כְּלֵֽי־כֶ֥סֶף וּכְלֵֽי־זָהָ֖ב וּכְלֵ֥י נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ [then Toi sent Joram his son unto king David, to salute him, and to bless him — because he had fought against Hadadezer and smitten him; for Hadadezer had wars with Toi — and he brought with him vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and vessels of brass.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.219/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:2SA:196 # text = וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח תֹּ֣עִי אֶת־יֽוֹרָם־בְּנ֣וֹ אֶל־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ־דָּ֠וִד לִשְׁאָל־ל֨וֹ לְשָׁל֜וֹם וּֽלְבָרֲכ֗וֹ עַל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִלְחַ֤ם בַּהֲדַדְעֶ֙זֶר֙ וַיַּכֵּ֔הוּ כִּי־אִ֛ישׁ מִלְחֲמ֥וֹת תֹּ֖עִי הָיָ֣ה הֲדַדְעָ֑זֶר וּבְיָד֗וֹ הָי֛וּ כְּלֵֽי־כֶ֥סֶף וּכְלֵֽי־זָהָ֖ב וּכְלֵ֥י נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ # verse = 2SA.8.10 1-2 וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_8:10!1|MId=o100080100011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּשְׁלַ֣ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.sent|Ref=2SA_8:10!1|MId=o100080100012|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:100080100021;A1:100080100041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 תֹּ֣עִי תֹּעוּ PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Toi|Ref=2SA_8:10!2|MId=o100080100021|Strong=8583 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=2SA_8:10!3|MId=o100080100031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5 יֽוֹרָם־ יוֹרָם PROPN _ _ 2 obj _ Gloss=Joram|Ref=2SA_8:10!4|MId=o100080100041|Strong=3141|SpaceAfter=No 6-7 בְּנ֣וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 בְּנ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 appos _ Gloss=son|Ref=2SA_8:10!5|MId=o100080100051|Strong=1121 7 ֣וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_8:10!5|MId=o100080100052|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 8 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_8:10!6|MId=o100080100061|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 9-10 הַמֶּֽלֶךְ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=2SA_8:10!7|MId=o100080100071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 מֶּֽלֶךְ־ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=king|Ref=2SA_8:10!7|MId=o100080100072|Strong=4428 11 דָּ֠וִד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 10 appos _ Gloss=David|Ref=2SA_8:10!8|MId=o100080100081|Strong=1732 12-13 לִשְׁאָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_8:10!9|MId=o100080100091|Strong=3807a 13 שְׁאָל־ שָׁאַל VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 advcl _ Gloss=ask|Ref=2SA_8:10!9|MId=o100080100092|Strong=7592|Frame=A0:100080100041;|Type=infinitive_construct 14-15 ל֨וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 ל לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=2SA_8:10!10|MId=o100080100101|Strong=3807a 15 ֨וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_8:10!10|MId=o100080100102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 16-17 לְשָׁל֜וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_8:10!11|MId=o100080100111|Strong=3807a 17 שָׁל֜וֹם שָׁלוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 obl _ Gloss=welfare|Ref=2SA_8:10!11|MId=o100080100112|Strong=7965 18-21 וּֽלְבָרֲכ֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וּֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_8:10!12|MId=o100080100121|Strong=2050b 19 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=2SA_8:10!12|MId=o100080100122|Strong=3807a 20 בָרֲכ בָּרַךְ VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 13 conj _ Gloss=bless|Ref=2SA_8:10!12|MId=o100080100123|Strong=1288|Frame=A0:100080100041;A1:100080100124;|Type=infinitive_construct 21 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obj _ Gloss=him|Ref=2SA_8:10!12|MId=o100080100124|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 22 עַל֩ עַל ADP _ _ 2 parataxis _ Gloss=on|Ref=2SA_8:10!13|MId=o100080100131|Strong=5921 23 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 24 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=2SA_8:10!14|MId=o100080100141|Strong=0834|Type=relative 24 נִלְחַ֤ם לָחַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 22 parataxis _ Gloss=he.had.fought|Ref=2SA_8:10!15|MId=o100080100151|Strong=3898|Frame=A0:100080100072;|Type=qatal 25-26 בַּהֲדַדְעֶ֙זֶר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=2SA_8:10!16|MId=o100080100161|Strong=0871a 26 הֲדַדְעֶ֙זֶר֙ הֲדַדְעֶזֶר PROPN _ _ 24 obl _ Gloss=Hadadezer|Ref=2SA_8:10!16|MId=o100080100162|Strong=1909 27-29 וַיַּכֵּ֔הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_8:10!17|MId=o100080100171|Strong=2050b 28 יַּכּ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 24 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=2SA_8:10!17|MId=o100080100172|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:100080100072;A0:100080100173;|Type=wayyiqtol 29 ֵ֔הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 obj _ Gloss=had.defeated.him|Ref=2SA_8:10!17|MId=o100080100173|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 30 כִּי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 31 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=2SA_8:10!18|MId=o100080100181|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 31 אִ֛ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 advcl _ Gloss=(the).man|Ref=2SA_8:10!19|MId=o100080100191|Strong=0376 32 מִלְחֲמ֥וֹת מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 31 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.(the).wars|Ref=2SA_8:10!20|MId=o100080100201|Strong=4421 33 תֹּ֖עִי תֹּעוּ PROPN _ _ 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Toi|Ref=2SA_8:10!21|MId=o100080100211|Strong=8583 34 הָיָ֣ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 31 cop _ Gloss=he.was|Ref=2SA_8:10!22|MId=o100080100221|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:100080100231;|Type=qatal 35 הֲדַדְעָ֑זֶר הֲדַדְעֶזֶר PROPN _ _ 31 nsubj _ Gloss=Hadadezer|Ref=2SA_8:10!23|MId=o100080100231|Strong=1909 36-39 וּבְיָד֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_8:10!24|MId=o100080100241|Strong=2050b 37 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=2SA_8:10!24|MId=o100080100242|Strong=0871a 38 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=hand|Ref=2SA_8:10!24|MId=o100080100243|Strong=3027 39 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=2SA_8:10!24|MId=o100080100244|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 40 הָי֛וּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 38 cop _ Gloss=they.were|Ref=2SA_8:10!25|MId=o100080100251|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:100080100261;100080100282;100080100302;|Type=qatal 41 כְּלֵֽי־ כְּלִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 38 nsubj _ Gloss=articles|Ref=2SA_8:10!26|MId=o100080100261|Strong=3627|SpaceAfter=No 42 כֶ֥סֶף כֶּסֶף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 41 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.silver|Ref=2SA_8:10!27|MId=o100080100271|Strong=3701 43-44 וּכְלֵֽי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 44 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_8:10!28|MId=o100080100281|Strong=2050b 44 כְלֵֽי־ כְּלִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 41 conj _ Gloss=articles|Ref=2SA_8:10!28|MId=o100080100282|Strong=3627 45 זָהָ֖ב זָהָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 44 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.gold|Ref=2SA_8:10!29|MId=o100080100291|Strong=2091 46-47 וּכְלֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 47 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=2SA_8:10!30|MId=o100080100301|Strong=2050b 47 כְלֵ֥י כְּלִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 41 conj _ Gloss=articles|Ref=2SA_8:10!30|MId=o100080100302|Strong=3627 48 נְחֹֽשֶׁת נְחֹשֶׁת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 47 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.bronze|Ref=2SA_8:10!31|MId=o100080100311|Strong=5178|SpaceAfter=No 49 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 48 punct _ Ref=2SA_8:10!31 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּשְׁלַח *he sent* | wayyiqtol · qal | תֹּעִי *Toi* | יֽוֹרָם־ *Joram* | | | | שְׁאָל־ *ask* | infinitive construct · qal | יֽוֹרָם־ *Joram* | | | | | בָרֲכ *bless* | infinitive construct · piel | יֽוֹרָם־ *Joram* | וֹ *him* | | | | נִלְחַם *he had fought* | qatal · niphal | מֶּֽלֶךְ־ *king* | | | | | יַּכּ *he* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | ֵהוּ *had defeated him* | | | מֶּֽלֶךְ־ *king* | | הָיָה *he was* | qatal · qal | הֲדַדְעָזֶר *Hadadezer* | | | | | הָיוּ *they were* | qatal · qal | כְּלֵֽי־ *articles* + כְלֵֽי־ *articles* + כְלֵי *articles* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּשְׁלַח תּוֹעִי יַת יוֹרָם בְּרֵיהּ לְוַת מַלְכָּא דָוִד לְמִשְׁאַל לֵיהּ לִשְׁלָם וּלְבָרְכוּתֵיהּ עַל דְאַגִיחַ קְרָבָא בַּהֲדַדְעֶזֶר וְקַטְלֵיהּ אֲרֵי גְבַר עָבֵיד קְרָבִין עִם תּוֹעִי הֲוָה הֲדַדְעֶזֶר וְעִמֵיהּ הֲווֹ מָנֵי כַסְפָּא וּמָנֵי דַהֲבָא וּמָנֵי נְחָשָׁא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [then Toi sent Joram his son unto king David, to salute him, and to bless him — because he had fought against Hadadezer and smitten him; for Hadadezer had wars with Toi — and he brought with him vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and vessels of brass.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.219/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:2SA:196`. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 8:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.8.9/) - next →: [2 Samuel 8:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.8.11/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/8/)