--- title: Amos 1:11 — Thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Edom, yea, for four… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Edom, yea, for four, I will not reverse it: because he did pursue his brother with the sword, and did cast off all pity, and his anger did tear perpetually, and he kept his wrath for ever. Who acts: LORD, I, anger, Edom. Amos 1:11 in Hebrew with its d --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.1.11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Amos](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/1/) / 1:11 # Amos 1:11 עָמוֹס **Who acts:** LORD, I, anger, Edom · **What happens:** say, not reverse, pursue, cast off, tear, keep · **To what, where:** fire, brother, pity, wrath · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Amos 1:11 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, I, anger, Edom — and what happens in the verse to fire, brother, pity, wrath, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 9 chapters of Amos on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פִּשְׁעֵ֣י אֱד֔וֹם וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַל־רָדְפ֨וֹ בַחֶ֤רֶב אָחִיו֙ וְשִׁחֵ֣ת רַחֲמָ֔יו וַיִּטְרֹ֤ף לָעַד֙ אַפּ֔וֹ וְעֶבְרָת֖וֹ שְׁמָ֥רָה נֶֽצַח׃ [Thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Edom, yea, for four, I will not reverse it: because he did pursue his brother with the sword, and did cast off all pity, and his anger did tear perpetually, and he kept his wrath for ever.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.10/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:AMO:10 # text = כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פִּשְׁעֵ֣י אֱד֔וֹם וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַל־רָדְפ֨וֹ בַחֶ֤רֶב אָחִיו֙ וְשִׁחֵ֣ת רַחֲמָ֔יו וַיִּטְרֹ֤ף לָעַד֙ אַפּ֔וֹ וְעֶבְרָת֖וֹ שְׁמָ֥רָה נֶֽצַח׃ # verse = AMO.1.11 1 כֹּ֚ה כֹּה ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=AMO_1:11!1|MId=o300010110011|Strong=3541 2 אָמַ֣ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=AMO_1:11!2|MId=o300010110021|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:300010110031;|Type=qatal 3 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=AMO_1:11!3|MId=o300010110031|Strong=3068 4 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=AMO_1:11!4|MId=o300010110041|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 5 שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 nummod _ Gloss=three|Ref=AMO_1:11!5|MId=o300010110051|Strong=7969|Type=cardinal_number 6 פִּשְׁעֵ֣י פֶּשַׁע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=(the).transgressions|Ref=AMO_1:11!6|MId=o300010110061|Strong=6588 7 אֱד֔וֹם אֱדוֹם PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Edom|Ref=AMO_1:11!7|MId=o300010110071|Strong=0123 8-9 וְעַל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=AMO_1:11!8|MId=o300010110081|Strong=2050b 9 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=AMO_1:11!8|MId=o300010110082|Strong=5921 10 אַרְבָּעָ֖ה אַרְבַּע NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=four|Ref=AMO_1:11!9|MId=o300010110091|Strong=0702|Type=cardinal_number 11 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 12 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=AMO_1:11!10|MId=o300010110101|Strong=3808|Type=negative 12-13 אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 אֲשִׁיב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 ccomp _ Gloss=I|Ref=AMO_1:11!11|MId=o300010110111|Strong=7725|Frame=AA:300010110031;A0:300010110112;|Type=yiqtol 13 ֶ֑נּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obj _ Gloss=will.revoke.it|Ref=AMO_1:11!11|MId=o300010110112|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 14 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=because|Ref=AMO_1:11!12|MId=o300010110121|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 רָדְפ֨וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 רָדְפ רָדַף VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 12 advcl _ Gloss=pursued|Ref=AMO_1:11!13|MId=o300010110131|Strong=7291|Frame=A0:300010110132;A1:300010110151;|Type=infinitive_construct 16 ֨וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=AMO_1:11!13|MId=o300010110132|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 17-19 בַחֶ֤רֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=AMO_1:11!14|MId=o300010110141|Strong=0871a 18 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=AMO_1:11!14|MId=o300010110141ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 חֶ֤רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=sword|Ref=AMO_1:11!14|MId=o300010110142|Strong=2719 20-21 אָחִיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 אָחִי אָח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obj _ Gloss=brother|Ref=AMO_1:11!15|MId=o300010110151|Strong=0251 21 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=AMO_1:11!15|MId=o300010110152|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 22-23 וְשִׁחֵ֣ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=AMO_1:11!16|MId=o300010110161|Strong=2050b 23 שִׁחֵ֣ת שָׁחַת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 15 conj _ Gloss=he.spoiled|Ref=AMO_1:11!16|MId=o300010110162|Strong=7843|Frame=A0:300010110071;A1:300010110171;|Type=qatal 24-25 רַחֲמָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 רַחֲמָ֔י רַחֲמִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 obj _ Gloss=compassion(s)|Ref=AMO_1:11!17|MId=o300010110171|Strong=7356 25 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=AMO_1:11!17|MId=o300010110172|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 26-27 וַיִּטְרֹ֤ף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=AMO_1:11!18|MId=o300010110181|Strong=2050b 27 יִּטְרֹ֤ף טָרַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 15 conj _ Gloss=it.tore|Ref=AMO_1:11!18|MId=o300010110182|Strong=2963|Frame=A0:300010110201;|Type=wayyiqtol 28-29 לָעַד֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=forever|Ref=AMO_1:11!19|MId=o300010110191|Strong=3807a 29 עַד֙ עַד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=AMO_1:11!19|MId=o300010110192|Strong=5703 30-31 אַפּ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 אַפּ אַף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ Gloss=anger|Ref=AMO_1:11!20|MId=o300010110201|Strong=0639 31 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=AMO_1:11!20|MId=o300010110202|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 32-34 וְעֶבְרָת֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=AMO_1:11!21|MId=o300010110211|Strong=2050b 33 עֶבְרָת עֶבְרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 conj _ Gloss=fury|Ref=AMO_1:11!21|MId=o300010110212|Strong=5678 34 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=AMO_1:11!21|MId=o300010110213|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 35-36 שְׁמָ֥רָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 שְׁמָ֥ר שָׁמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 15 parataxis _ Gloss=kept|Ref=AMO_1:11!22|MId=o300010110221|Strong=8104|Frame=A0:300010110071;A1:300010110222;|Type=qatal 36 ָה הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 obj _ Gloss=she|Ref=AMO_1:11!22|MId=o300010110222|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 37 נֶֽצַח נֵצַח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 obl _ Gloss=perpetuity|Ref=AMO_1:11!23|MId=o300010110231|Strong=5331|SpaceAfter=No 38 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 37 punct _ Ref=AMO_1:11!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | **not** אֲשִׁיב *I* | yiqtol · hiphil | ֶנּוּ *will revoke it* | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | רָדְפ *pursued* | infinitive construct · qal | וֹ *he* | אָחִי *brother* | | | | שִׁחֵת *he spoiled* | qatal · piel | אֱדוֹם *of Edom* | רַחֲמָי *compassion(s)* | | | | יִּטְרֹף *it tore* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַפּ *anger* | | | | | שְׁמָר *kept* | qatal · qal | אֱדוֹם *of Edom* | ָה *she* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ עַל תְּלָתָא חוֹבֵי אֱדוֹם וְעַל אַרְבְּעָא לָא אֶשְׁבּוֹק לְהוֹן עַל רָדְפֵיהּ בְּחַרְבָּא אֲחוּהִי וְחַבֵּיל רַחֲמוֹהִי וּקְטֵיל קְטַל עַלְמִין רוּגְזֵיהּ וְחַמְתֵיהּ נָטְרָא לְאַפְרָשׁ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Edom, yea, for four, I will not reverse it: because he did pursue his brother with the sword, and did cast off all pity, and his anger did tear perpetually, and he kept his wrath for ever.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.10/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:AMO:10`. - ← previous: [Amos 1:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.1.10/) - next →: [Amos 1:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.1.12/) - ↑ back to [Amos 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/1/)