--- title: Amos 2:1 — Thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Moab, yea, for four… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Moab, yea, for four, I will not reverse it: because he burned the bones of the king of Edom into lime. Who acts: LORD, I, Moab. Amos 2:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.2.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Amos](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/2/) / 2:1 # Amos 2:1 עָמוֹס **Who acts:** LORD, I, Moab · **What happens:** say, not reverse, burn, transgress · **To what, where:** it, bones, lime · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Amos 2:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, I, Moab — and what happens in the verse to it, bones, lime, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 9 chapters of Amos on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פִּשְׁעֵ֣י מוֹאָ֔ב וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַל־שָׂרְפ֛וֹ עַצְמ֥וֹת מֶֽלֶךְ־אֱד֖וֹם לַשִּֽׂיד׃ [Thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Moab, yea, for four, I will not reverse it: because he burned the bones of the king of Edom into lime.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.15/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:AMO:15 # text = כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פִּשְׁעֵ֣י מוֹאָ֔ב וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַל־שָׂרְפ֛וֹ עַצְמ֥וֹת מֶֽלֶךְ־אֱד֖וֹם לַשִּֽׂיד׃ # verse = AMO.2.1 1 כֹּ֚ה כֹּה ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=AMO_2:1!1|MId=o300020010011|Strong=3541 2 אָמַ֣ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=AMO_2:1!2|MId=o300020010021|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:300020010031;|Type=qatal 3 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=AMO_2:1!3|MId=o300020010031|Strong=3068 4 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=AMO_2:1!4|MId=o300020010041|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 5 שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 nummod _ Gloss=three|Ref=AMO_2:1!5|MId=o300020010051|Strong=7969|Type=cardinal_number 6 פִּשְׁעֵ֣י פֶּשַׁע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=(the).transgressions|Ref=AMO_2:1!6|MId=o300020010061|Strong=6588 7 מוֹאָ֔ב מוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Moab|Ref=AMO_2:1!7|MId=o300020010071|Strong=4124 8-9 וְעַל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=AMO_2:1!8|MId=o300020010081|Strong=2050b 9 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=AMO_2:1!8|MId=o300020010082|Strong=5921 10 אַרְבָּעָ֖ה אַרְבַּע NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=four|Ref=AMO_2:1!9|MId=o300020010091|Strong=0702|Type=cardinal_number 11 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 12 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=AMO_2:1!10|MId=o300020010101|Strong=3808|Type=negative 12-13 אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 אֲשִׁיב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 ccomp _ Gloss=I|Ref=AMO_2:1!11|MId=o300020010111|Strong=7725|Frame=AA:300020010031;A0:300020010112;|Type=yiqtol 13 ֶ֑נּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obj _ Gloss=will.revoke.it|Ref=AMO_2:1!11|MId=o300020010112|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 14 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=because|Ref=AMO_2:1!12|MId=o300020010121|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 שָׂרְפ֛וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 שָׂרְפ שָׂרַף VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 12 advcl _ Gloss=burned|Ref=AMO_2:1!13|MId=o300020010131|Strong=8313|Frame=A0:300020010132;A1:300020010141;|Type=infinitive_construct 16 ֛וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=AMO_2:1!13|MId=o300020010132|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 17 עַצְמ֥וֹת עֶצֶם NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 15 obj _ Gloss=the.bones|Ref=AMO_2:1!14|MId=o300020010141|Strong=6106 18 מֶֽלֶךְ־ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.king|Ref=AMO_2:1!15|MId=o300020010151|Strong=4428|SpaceAfter=No 19 אֱד֖וֹם אֱדוֹם PROPN _ _ 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Edom|Ref=AMO_2:1!16|MId=o300020010161|Strong=0123 20-22 לַשִּֽׂיד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=AMO_2:1!17|MId=o300020010171|Strong=3807a 21 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=AMO_2:1!17|MId=o300020010171ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 שִּֽׂיד שִׂיד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=lime|Ref=AMO_2:1!17|MId=o300020010172|Strong=7875 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=AMO_2:1!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | **not** אֲשִׁיב *I* | yiqtol · hiphil | ֶנּוּ *will revoke it* | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | שָׂרְפ *burned* | infinitive construct · qal | וֹ *he* | עַצְמוֹת *the bones* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ עַל תְּלָתָא חוֹבֵי מוֹאָב וְעַל אַרְבְּעָה לָא אֶשְׁבּוֹק לְהוֹן עַל דְאוֹקִיד גַרְמֵי מַלְכָּא דֶאֱדוֹם וְסָדִינוּן כְּגִירָא בְּבֵיתָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Moab, yea, for four, I will not reverse it: because he burned the bones of the king of Edom into lime.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.15/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:AMO:15`. - ← previous: [Amos 1:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.1.15/) - next →: [Amos 2:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.2.2/) - ↑ back to [Amos 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/2/)