--- title: Amos 2:4 — Thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Judah, yea, for fou… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Judah, yea, for four, I will not reverse it: because they have rejected the law of the LORD, and have not kept His statutes, and their lies have caused them to err, after which their fathers did walk. Who acts: LORD, I, transgressions, lies. Amos 2:4 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.2.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Amos](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/2/) / 2:4 # Amos 2:4 עָמוֹס **Who acts:** LORD, I, transgressions, lies, fathers, Judah · **What happens:** say, not reverse, reject, not keep, cause, err · **To what, where:** judge, law, statutes, transgressions · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Amos 2:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, I, transgressions, lies, fathers, Judah — and what happens in the verse to judge, law, statutes, transgressions, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 9 chapters of Amos on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פִּשְׁעֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַֽל־מָאֳסָ֞ם אֶת־תּוֹרַ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה וְחֻקָּיו֙ לֹ֣א שָׁמָ֔רוּ וַיַּתְעוּם֙ כִּזְבֵיהֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־הָלְכ֥וּ אֲבוֹתָ֖ם אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃ [Thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Judah, yea, for four, I will not reverse it: because they have rejected the law of the LORD, and have not kept His statutes, and their lies have caused them to err, after which their fathers did walk.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.18/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:AMO:18 # text = כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פִּשְׁעֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַֽל־מָאֳסָ֞ם אֶת־תּוֹרַ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה וְחֻקָּיו֙ לֹ֣א שָׁמָ֔רוּ וַיַּתְעוּם֙ כִּזְבֵיהֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־הָלְכ֥וּ אֲבוֹתָ֖ם אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃ # verse = AMO.2.4 1 כֹּ֚ה כֹּה ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=AMO_2:4!1|MId=o300020040011|Strong=3541 2 אָמַ֣ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=AMO_2:4!2|MId=o300020040021|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:300020040031;|Type=qatal 3 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=AMO_2:4!3|MId=o300020040031|Strong=3068 4 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=AMO_2:4!4|MId=o300020040041|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 5 שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ שָׁלֹשׁ NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 nummod _ Gloss=three|Ref=AMO_2:4!5|MId=o300020040051|Strong=7969|Type=cardinal_number 6 פִּשְׁעֵ֣י פֶּשַׁע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=(the).transgressions|Ref=AMO_2:4!6|MId=o300020040061|Strong=6588 7 יְהוּדָ֔ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=AMO_2:4!7|MId=o300020040071|Strong=3063 8-9 וְעַל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=AMO_2:4!8|MId=o300020040081|Strong=2050b 9 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=AMO_2:4!8|MId=o300020040082|Strong=5921 10 אַרְבָּעָ֖ה אַרְבַּע NUM _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=four|Ref=AMO_2:4!9|MId=o300020040091|Strong=0702|Type=cardinal_number 11 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 12 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=AMO_2:4!10|MId=o300020040101|Strong=3808|Type=negative 12-13 אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 אֲשִׁיב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 ccomp _ Gloss=I|Ref=AMO_2:4!11|MId=o300020040111|Strong=7725|Frame=AA:300020040031;A0:300020040112;|Type=yiqtol 13 ֶ֑נּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obj _ Gloss=will.revoke.it|Ref=AMO_2:4!11|MId=o300020040112|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 14 עַֽל־ עַל ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=because|Ref=AMO_2:4!12|MId=o300020040121|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 מָאֳסָ֞ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 מָאֳס מָאַס VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 12 advcl _ Gloss=they|Ref=AMO_2:4!13|MId=o300020040131|Strong=3988|Frame=A0:300020040132;A1:300020040151;|Type=infinitive_construct 16 ָ֞ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ Gloss=have.rejected|Ref=AMO_2:4!13|MId=o300020040132|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 17 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=AMO_2:4!14|MId=o300020040141|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 18 תּוֹרַ֣ת תּוֹרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 obj _ Gloss=the.law|Ref=AMO_2:4!15|MId=o300020040151|Strong=8451 19 יְהוָ֗ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=AMO_2:4!16|MId=o300020040161|Strong=3068 20-22 וְחֻקָּיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=AMO_2:4!17|MId=o300020040171|Strong=2050b 21 חֻקָּי חֹק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 24 obj _ Gloss=statutes|Ref=AMO_2:4!17|MId=o300020040172|Strong=2706 22 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=AMO_2:4!17|MId=o300020040173|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 23 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 24 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=AMO_2:4!18|MId=o300020040181|Strong=3808|Type=negative 24 שָׁמָ֔רוּ שָׁמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 15 conj _ Gloss=they.have.kept|Ref=AMO_2:4!19|MId=o300020040191|Strong=8104|Frame=A0:300020040071;A1:300020040172;|Type=qatal 25-27 וַיַּתְעוּם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=AMO_2:4!20|MId=o300020040201|Strong=2050b 26 יַּתְעוּ תָּעָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 15 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=AMO_2:4!20|MId=o300020040202|Strong=8582|Frame=A0:300020040203;AA:300020040211;|Type=wayyiqtol 27 ם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 obj _ Gloss=have.misled.them|Ref=AMO_2:4!20|MId=o300020040203|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 28-29 כִּזְבֵיהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 כִּזְבֵי כָּזָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ Gloss=lies|Ref=AMO_2:4!21|MId=o300020040211|Strong=3577 29 הֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=AMO_2:4!21|MId=o300020040212|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 30 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 31 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=AMO_2:4!22|MId=o300020040221|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 31 הָלְכ֥וּ הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 28 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.walked|Ref=AMO_2:4!23|MId=o300020040231|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:300020040241;|Type=qatal 32-33 אֲבוֹתָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 אֲבוֹת אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ Gloss=ancestors|Ref=AMO_2:4!24|MId=o300020040241|Strong=0001 33 ָ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=AMO_2:4!24|MId=o300020040242|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 34-35 אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 אַחֲרֵי אַחַר ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=AMO_2:4!25|MId=o300020040251|Strong=0310 35 הֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=AMO_2:4!25|MId=o300020040252|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=AMO_2:4!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | **not** אֲשִׁיב *I* | yiqtol · hiphil | ֶנּוּ *will revoke it* | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | מָאֳס *they* | infinitive construct · qal | ָם *have rejected* | תּוֹרַת *the law* | | | | **not** שָׁמָרוּ *they have kept* | qatal · qal | יְהוּדָה *of Judah* | חֻקָּי *statutes* | | | | יַּתְעוּ *they* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | ם *have misled them* | | | כִּזְבֵי *lies* | | הָלְכוּ *they walked* | qatal · qal | אֲבוֹת *ancestors* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ עַל תְּלָתָא חוֹבֵי יְהוּדָה וְעַל אַרְבְּעָה לָא אֶשְׁבּוֹק לְהוֹן עַל דְקָצוּ בְאוֹרַיְתָא דַייָ וּקְיָמוֹהִי לָא נְטָרוּ וְאַטְעִיאוּנוּן כַּדְבֵּיהוֹן דְהַלִיכוּ אֲבָהָתְכוֹן בַּתְרֵיהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Thus saith the LORD: For three transgressions of Judah, yea, for four, I will not reverse it: because they have rejected the law of the LORD, and have not kept His statutes, and their lies have caused them to err, after which their fathers did walk.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.18/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:AMO:18`. - ← previous: [Amos 2:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.2.3/) - next →: [Amos 2:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.2.5/) - ↑ back to [Amos 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/2/)