--- title: Amos 3:4 — Will a lion roar in the forest, when he hath no prey? Will a young l… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Will a lion roar in the forest, when he hath no prey? Will a young lion give forth his voice out of his den, if he have taken nothing? Who acts: lion, young lion. Amos 3:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.3.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Amos](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/3/) / 3:4 # Amos 3:4 עָמוֹס **Who acts:** lion, young lion · **What happens:** roar, have, give forth, take · **To what, where:** forest, prey, voice, den, nothing This is Amos 3:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — lion, young lion — and what happens in the verse to forest, prey, voice, den, nothing, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 9 chapters of Amos on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הֲיִשְׁאַ֤ג אַרְיֵה֙ בַּיַּ֔עַר וְטֶ֖רֶף אֵ֣ין ל֑וֹ הֲיִתֵּ֨ן כְּפִ֤יר קוֹלוֹ֙ מִמְּעֹ֣נָת֔וֹ בִּלְתִּ֖י אִם־לָכָֽד׃ [Will a lion roar in the forest, when he hath no prey?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.35/) [Will a young lion give forth his voice out of his den, if he have taken nothing?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.36/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:AMO:34 # text = הֲיִשְׁאַ֤ג אַרְיֵה֙ בַּיַּ֔עַר וְטֶ֖רֶף אֵ֣ין ל֑וֹ הֲיִתֵּ֨ן כְּפִ֤יר קוֹלוֹ֙ מִמְּעֹ֣נָת֔וֹ בִּלְתִּ֖י אִם־לָכָֽד׃ # verse = AMO.3.4 1-2 הֲיִשְׁאַ֤ג _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=does|Ref=AMO_3:4!1|MId=o300030040011|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 2 יִשְׁאַ֤ג שָׁאַג VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.roar?|Ref=AMO_3:4!1|MId=o300030040012|Strong=7580|Frame=A0:300030040021;|Type=yiqtol 3 אַרְיֵה֙ אַרְיֵה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=a.lion|Ref=AMO_3:4!2|MId=o300030040021|Strong=0738a 4-6 בַּיַּ֔עַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=AMO_3:4!3|MId=o300030040031|Strong=0871a 5 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=AMO_3:4!3|MId=o300030040031ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 יַּ֔עַר יַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=forest|Ref=AMO_3:4!3|MId=o300030040032|Strong=3293 7-8 וְטֶ֖רֶף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=AMO_3:4!4|MId=o300030040041|Strong=2050b 8 טֶ֖רֶף טֶרֶף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ Gloss=prey|Ref=AMO_3:4!4|MId=o300030040042|Strong=2964 9 אֵ֣ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=there.[is].not|Ref=AMO_3:4!5|MId=o300030040051|Strong=0369|Type=negative 10-11 ל֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 ל לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=AMO_3:4!6|MId=o300030040061|Strong=3807a 11 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=AMO_3:4!6|MId=o300030040062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 12-13 הֲיִתֵּ֨ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 13 advmod _ Gloss=does|Ref=AMO_3:4!7|MId=o300030040071|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 13 יִתֵּ֨ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=it.give.forth?|Ref=AMO_3:4!7|MId=o300030040072|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:300030040081;A1:300030040091;|Type=yiqtol 14 כְּפִ֤יר כְּפִיר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ Gloss=a.young.lion|Ref=AMO_3:4!8|MId=o300030040081|Strong=3715 15-16 קוֹלוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 קוֹל קוֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 obj _ Gloss=voice|Ref=AMO_3:4!9|MId=o300030040091|Strong=6963 16 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=AMO_3:4!9|MId=o300030040092|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 17-19 מִמְּעֹ֣נָת֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=AMO_3:4!10|MId=o300030040101|Strong=4480 18 מְּעֹ֣נָת מְעֹנָה NOUN _ Number=Sing 13 obl _ Gloss=den|Ref=AMO_3:4!10|MId=o300030040102|Strong=4585 19 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=AMO_3:4!10|MId=o300030040103|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 20 בִּלְתִּ֖י בֵּלֶת ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=except|Ref=AMO_3:4!11|MId=o300030040111|Strong=1115 21 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=if|Ref=AMO_3:4!12|MId=o300030040121|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 22 לָכָֽד לָכַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 13 parataxis _ Gloss=it.has.caught.[something]|Ref=AMO_3:4!13|MId=o300030040131|Strong=3920|Frame=A0:300030040081;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=AMO_3:4!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** יִשְׁאַג *it roar?* | yiqtol · qal | אַרְיֵה *a lion* | | | | | יִתֵּן *it give forth?* | yiqtol · qal | כְּפִיר *a young lion* | קוֹל *voice* | | | | לָכָֽד *it has caught \[something\]* | qatal · qal | כְּפִיר *a young lion* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} הֲיִנְהוֹם אַרְיֵה בְּחוּרְשָׁה וְצֵידָה לֵית לֵיהּ הַיְרִים בַּר אַרְיְוָן קָלֵיהּ מִמַרְבּוּעָתֵיהּ אֱלָהֵין אִם אֲחָד: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Will a lion roar in the forest, when he hath no prey?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.35/) 2. [Will a young lion give forth his voice out of his den, if he have taken nothing?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.36/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:AMO:34`. - ← previous: [Amos 3:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.3.3/) - next →: [Amos 3:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.3.5/) - ↑ back to [Amos 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/3/)