--- title: Amos 4:1 — Hear this word, ye kine of Bashan, that are in the mountain of Samar… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Hear this word, ye kine of Bashan, that are in the mountain of Samaria, that oppress the poor, that crush the needy, that say unto their lords: 'Bring, that we may feast.' Who acts: you, kine, we. Amos 4:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clau --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.4.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Amos](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/4/) / 4:1 # Amos 4:1 עָמוֹס **Who acts:** you, kine, we · **What happens:** hear, be, oppress, crush, say, bring · **To what, where:** word, mountain, poor, needy · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Amos 4:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, kine, we — and what happens in the verse to word, mountain, poor, needy, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 9 chapters of Amos on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. שִׁמְע֞וּ הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֗ה פָּר֤וֹת הַבָּשָׁן֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּהַ֣ר שֹֽׁמְר֔וֹן הָעֹשְׁק֣וֹת דַּלִּ֔ים הָרֹצְצ֖וֹת אֶבְיוֹנִ֑ים הָאֹמְרֹ֥ת לַאֲדֹֽנֵיהֶ֖ם הָבִ֥יאָה וְנִשְׁתֶּֽה׃ [Hear this word, ye kine of Bashan, that are in the mountain of Samaria, that oppress the poor, that crush the needy, that say unto their lords: 'Bring, that we may feast.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.52/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:AMO:46 # text = שִׁמְע֞וּ הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֗ה פָּר֤וֹת הַבָּשָׁן֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּהַ֣ר שֹֽׁמְר֔וֹן הָעֹשְׁק֣וֹת דַּלִּ֔ים הָרֹצְצ֖וֹת אֶבְיוֹנִ֑ים הָאֹמְרֹ֥ת לַאֲדֹֽנֵיהֶ֖ם הָבִ֥יאָה וְנִשְׁתֶּֽה׃ # verse = AMO.4.1 1 שִׁמְע֞וּ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=hear|Ref=AMO_4:1!1|MId=o300040010011|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:300040010041;A1:300040010022;|Type=imperative 2-3 הַדָּבָ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=AMO_4:1!2|MId=o300040010021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 דָּבָ֣ר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obj _ Gloss=word|Ref=AMO_4:1!2|MId=o300040010022|Strong=1697 4-5 הַזֶּ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=AMO_4:1!3|MId=o300040010031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 זֶּ֗ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 3 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=AMO_4:1!3|MId=o300040010032|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 6 פָּר֤וֹת פָּרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 1 parataxis _ Gloss=O.cows|Ref=AMO_4:1!4|MId=o300040010041|Strong=6510 7-8 הַבָּשָׁן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=AMO_4:1!5|MId=o300040010051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 בָּשָׁן֙ בָּשָׁן PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Bashan|Ref=AMO_4:1!5|MId=o300040010052|Strong=1316 9 אֲשֶׁר֙ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=AMO_4:1!6|MId=o300040010061|Strong=0834|Type=relative 10-11 בְּהַ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=[are].on|Ref=AMO_4:1!7|MId=o300040010071|Strong=0871a 11 הַ֣ר הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 acl:relcl _ Gloss=the.mountain|Ref=AMO_4:1!7|MId=o300040010072|Strong=2022 12 שֹֽׁמְר֔וֹן שֹׁמְרוֹן PROPN _ _ 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Samaria|Ref=AMO_4:1!8|MId=o300040010081|Strong=8111 13-14 הָעֹשְׁק֣וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הָ הַ SCONJ _ _ 14 mark _ Gloss=[who]|Ref=AMO_4:1!9|MId=o300040010091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 עֹשְׁק֣וֹת עָשַׁק VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 6 appos _ Gloss=oppress|Ref=AMO_4:1!9|MId=o300040010092|Strong=6231|Frame=A0:300040010041;A1:300040010101;|Type=participle_active 15 דַּלִּ֔ים דַּל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 obj _ Gloss=poor.[people]|Ref=AMO_4:1!10|MId=o300040010101|Strong=1800|Type=adjective 16-17 הָרֹצְצ֖וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הָ הַ SCONJ _ _ 17 mark _ Gloss=[who]|Ref=AMO_4:1!11|MId=o300040010111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 רֹצְצ֖וֹת רָצַץ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 6 appos _ Gloss=crush|Ref=AMO_4:1!11|MId=o300040010112|Strong=7533|Frame=A0:300040010041;A1:300040010121;|Type=participle_active 18 אֶבְיוֹנִ֑ים אֶבְיוֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 obj _ Gloss=needy.[people]|Ref=AMO_4:1!12|MId=o300040010121|Strong=0034|Type=adjective 19-20 הָאֹמְרֹ֥ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הָ הַ SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=[who]|Ref=AMO_4:1!13|MId=o300040010131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 אֹמְרֹ֥ת אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 6 appos _ Gloss=say|Ref=AMO_4:1!13|MId=o300040010132|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:300040010041;A1:300040010151;300040010162;|Type=participle_active 21-23 לַאֲדֹֽנֵיהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=AMO_4:1!14|MId=o300040010141|Strong=3807a 22 אֲדֹֽנֵי אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 obl _ Gloss=masters|Ref=AMO_4:1!14|MId=o300040010142|Strong=0113 23 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=AMO_4:1!14|MId=o300040010143|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 24-25 הָבִ֥יאָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הָבִ֥יא בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 20 ccomp _ Gloss=bring|Ref=AMO_4:1!15|MId=o300040010151|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:300040010142;|Type=imperative 25 ָה ה X _ _ 24 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=AMO_4:1!15|MId=o300040010152|Strong=1886j|Type=paragogic_he 26-27 וְנִשְׁתֶּֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=so|Ref=AMO_4:1!16|MId=o300040010161|Strong=2050b 27 נִשְׁתֶּֽה שָׁתָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 24 conj _ Gloss=that.we.may.drink|Ref=AMO_4:1!16|MId=o300040010162|Strong=8354|Frame=A0:300040010041;|Type=yiqtol 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=AMO_4:1!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שִׁמְעוּ *hear* | imperative · qal | פָּרוֹת *O cows* | דָּבָר *word* | | | | עֹשְׁקוֹת *oppress* | participle active · qal | פָּרוֹת *O cows* | דַּלִּים *poor \[people\]* | | | | רֹצְצוֹת *crush* | participle active · qal | פָּרוֹת *O cows* | אֶבְיוֹנִים *needy \[people\]* | | | | אֹמְרֹת *say* | participle active · qal | פָּרוֹת *O cows* | הָבִיא *bring* + נִשְׁתֶּֽה *that we may drink* | | | | הָבִיא *bring* | imperative · hiphil | אֲדֹֽנֵי *masters* | | | | | נִשְׁתֶּֽה *that we may drink* | yiqtol · qal | פָּרוֹת *O cows* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} קַבִּילוּ פִּתְגָמָא הָדֵין עַתִּירֵי נִכְסַיָא דִבְטוּרָא דְשֹׁמְרוֹן דְעָשְׁקִין מִסְכֵּינַיָא וְאָנְסִין חֲשִׁיכַיָא דְאָמְרִין לְרִבּוֹנֵיהוֹן אַשְׁלְטוּנָא וְנִבַּז: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Hear this word, ye kine of Bashan, that are in the mountain of Samaria, that oppress the poor, that crush the needy, that say unto their lords: 'Bring, that we may feast.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.52/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:AMO:46`. - ← previous: [Amos 3:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.3.15/) - next →: [Amos 4:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.4.2/) - ↑ back to [Amos 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/4/)