--- title: Amos 4:10 — I have sent among you the pestilence in the way of Egypt; your young… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: I have sent among you the pestilence in the way of Egypt; your young men have I slain with the sword, and have carried away your horses; and I have made the stench of your camp to come up even into your nostrils; yet have ye not returned unto Me, saith the LORD. Who acts: I, stench, ye, LORD. Amos 4 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.4.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Amos](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/4/) / 4:10 # Amos 4:10 עָמוֹס **Who acts:** I, stench, ye, LORD · **What happens:** send, slain, carry away, make, come up, not return · **To what, where:** pestilence, way, young men, horses, stench, nostrils · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Amos 4:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, stench, ye, LORD — and what happens in the verse to pestilence, way, young men, horses, stench, nostrils, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 9 chapters of Amos on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. שִׁלַּ֨חְתִּי בָכֶ֥ם דֶּ֙בֶר֙ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם הָרַ֤גְתִּי בַחֶ֙רֶב֙ בַּח֣וּרֵיכֶ֔ם עִ֖ם שְׁבִ֣י סֽוּסֵיכֶ֑ם וָאַעֲלֶ֞ה בְּאֹ֤שׁ מַחֲנֵיכֶם֙ וּֽבְאַפְּכֶ֔ם וְלֹֽא־שַׁבְתֶּ֥ם עָדַ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ [I have sent among you the pestilence in the way of Egypt; your young men have I slain with the sword, and have carried away your horses; and I have made the stench of your camp to come up even into your nostrils; yet have ye not returned unto Me, saith the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.61/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:AMO:55 # text = שִׁלַּ֨חְתִּי בָכֶ֥ם דֶּ֙בֶר֙ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם הָרַ֤גְתִּי בַחֶ֙רֶב֙ בַּח֣וּרֵיכֶ֔ם עִ֖ם שְׁבִ֣י סֽוּסֵיכֶ֑ם וָאַעֲלֶ֞ה בְּאֹ֤שׁ מַחֲנֵיכֶם֙ וּֽבְאַפְּכֶ֔ם וְלֹֽא־שַׁבְתֶּ֥ם עָדַ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ # verse = AMO.4.10 1 שִׁלַּ֨חְתִּי שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.sent|Ref=AMO_4:10!1|MId=o300040100011|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:300040090161;A1:300040100031;|Type=qatal 2-3 בָכֶ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=among|Ref=AMO_4:10!2|MId=o300040100021|Strong=0871a 3 ָכֶ֥ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 1 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=AMO_4:10!2|MId=o300040100022|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 4 דֶּ֙בֶר֙ דֶּבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obj _ Gloss=pestilence|Ref=AMO_4:10!3|MId=o300040100031|Strong=1698 5-6 בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=AMO_4:10!4|MId=o300040100041|Strong=0871a 6 דֶ֣רֶךְ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 1 obl _ Gloss=the.manner|Ref=AMO_4:10!4|MId=o300040100042|Strong=1870 7 מִצְרַ֔יִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Egypt|Ref=AMO_4:10!5|MId=o300040100051|Strong=4714 8 הָרַ֤גְתִּי הָרַג VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 1 parataxis _ Gloss=I.killed|Ref=AMO_4:10!6|MId=o300040100061|Strong=2026|Frame=A0:300040090161;A1:300040100081;|Type=qatal 9-11 בַחֶ֙רֶב֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=AMO_4:10!7|MId=o300040100071|Strong=0871a 10 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=AMO_4:10!7|MId=o300040100071ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 חֶ֙רֶב֙ חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=sword|Ref=AMO_4:10!7|MId=o300040100072|Strong=2719 12-13 בַּח֣וּרֵיכֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 בַּח֣וּרֵי בָּחוּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 obj _ Gloss=men|Ref=AMO_4:10!8|MId=o300040100081|Strong=0970 13 כֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your.young|Ref=AMO_4:10!8|MId=o300040100082|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 14 עִ֖ם עִם ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=AMO_4:10!9|MId=o300040100091|Strong=5973 15 שְׁבִ֣י שְׁבִי NOUN _ Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=the.capture|Ref=AMO_4:10!10|MId=o300040100101|Strong=7628 16-17 סֽוּסֵיכֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 סֽוּסֵי סוּס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.horses|Ref=AMO_4:10!11|MId=o300040100111|Strong=5483 17 כֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=AMO_4:10!11|MId=o300040100112|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 18-19 וָאַעֲלֶ֞ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=AMO_4:10!12|MId=o300040100121|Strong=2050b 19 אַעֲלֶ֞ה עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 1 conj _ Gloss=I.caused.to.go.up|Ref=AMO_4:10!12|MId=o300040100122|Strong=5927|Frame=AA:300040090161;A0:300040100131;|Type=wayyiqtol 20 בְּאֹ֤שׁ בְּאֹשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obj _ Gloss=the.stench|Ref=AMO_4:10!13|MId=o300040100131|Strong=0889 21-22 מַחֲנֵיכֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 מַחֲנֵי מַחֲנֶה NOUN _ Number=Sing 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.camp|Ref=AMO_4:10!14|MId=o300040100141|Strong=4264 22 כֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=AMO_4:10!14|MId=o300040100142|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 23-26 וּֽבְאַפְּכֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וּֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=(and)|Ref=AMO_4:10!15|MId=o300040100151|Strong=2050b 24 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=AMO_4:10!15|MId=o300040100152|Strong=0871a 25 אַפּ אַף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 conj _ Gloss=nose|Ref=AMO_4:10!15|MId=o300040100153|Strong=0639 26 ְכֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=AMO_4:10!15|MId=o300040100154|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 27-28 וְלֹֽא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=AMO_4:10!16|MId=o300040100161|Strong=2050b 28 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 29 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=AMO_4:10!16|MId=o300040100162|Strong=3808|Type=negative 29 שַׁבְתֶּ֥ם שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 1 conj _ Gloss=you.returned|Ref=AMO_4:10!17|MId=o300040100171|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:300040050101;|Type=qatal 30-31 עָדַ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 עָד עַד ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=AMO_4:10!18|MId=o300040100181|Strong=5704 31 ַ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 29 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=AMO_4:10!18|MId=o300040100182|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 32 נְאֻם־ נְאֻם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 parataxis _ Gloss=the.utterance|Ref=AMO_4:10!19|MId=o300040100191|Strong=5002|SpaceAfter=No 33 יְהוָֽה יהוה PROPN _ _ 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=AMO_4:10!20|MId=o300040100201|Strong=3068|SpaceAfter=No 34 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 33 punct _ Ref=AMO_4:10!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שִׁלַּחְתִּי *I sent* | qatal · piel | | דֶּבֶר *pestilence* | | | | הָרַגְתִּי *I killed* | qatal · qal | | בַּחוּרֵי *men* | | | | אַעֲלֶה *I caused to go up* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | בְּאֹשׁ *the stench* | | | | | **not** שַׁבְתֶּם *you returned* | qatal · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} שְׁלָחֵית בְּכוֹן מוֹתָא כַּד בְּאוֹרַח מִצְרַיִם קְטָלֵית בְּחַרְבָּא עוּלֵימֵיכוֹן עִם שְׁבִי סוּסְוַתְכוֹן וְאַסְקֵית סְרוּת מַשִׁרְיָתֵיכוֹן וּבְאַפֵּיכוֹן וְלָא תַבְתּוּן לְפוּלְחָנִי אֲמַר יְיָ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [I have sent among you the pestilence in the way of Egypt; your young men have I slain with the sword, and have carried away your horses; and I have made the stench of your camp to come up even into your nostrils; yet have ye not returned unto Me, saith the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.61/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:AMO:55`. - ← previous: [Amos 4:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.4.9/) - next →: [Amos 4:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.4.11/) - ↑ back to [Amos 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/4/)