--- title: Amos 4:13 — For, lo, He that formeth the mountains, and createth the wind, and d… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: For, lo, He that formeth the mountains, and createth the wind, and declareth unto man what is his thought, that maketh the morning darkness, and treadeth upon the high places of the earth; the LORD, the God of hosts, is His name. Who acts: thought, GOD. Amos 4:13 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.4.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Amos](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/4/) / 4:13 # Amos 4:13 עָמוֹס **Who acts:** thought, GOD · **What happens:** form, create, declare, be, make, tread · **To what, where:** mountains, wind, thought, morning darkness, high places, name · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Amos 4:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — thought, GOD — and what happens in the verse to mountains, wind, thought, morning darkness, high places, name, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 9 chapters of Amos on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּ֡י הִנֵּה֩ יוֹצֵ֨ר הָרִ֜ים וּבֹרֵ֣א ר֗וּחַ וּמַגִּ֤יד לְאָדָם֙ מַה־שֵּׂח֔וֹ עֹשֵׂ֥ה שַׁ֙חַר֙ עֵיפָ֔ה וְדֹרֵ֖ךְ עַל־בָּ֣מֳתֵי אָ֑רֶץ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמֽוֹ׃ס [For, lo, He that formeth the mountains, and createth the wind, and declareth unto man what is his thought, that maketh the morning darkness, and treadeth upon the high places of the earth; the LORD, the God of hosts, is His name.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.64/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:AMO:58 # text = כִּ֡י הִנֵּה֩ יוֹצֵ֨ר הָרִ֜ים וּבֹרֵ֣א ר֗וּחַ וּמַגִּ֤יד לְאָדָם֙ מַה־שֵּׂח֔וֹ עֹשֵׂ֥ה שַׁ֙חַר֙ עֵיפָ֔ה וְדֹרֵ֖ךְ עַל־בָּ֣מֳתֵי אָ֑רֶץ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמֽוֹ׃ס # verse = AMO.4.13 1 כִּ֡י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 23 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=AMO_4:13!1|MId=o300040130011|Strong=3588 2 הִנֵּה֩ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 23 discourse _ Gloss=here!|Ref=AMO_4:13!2|MId=o300040130021|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 3 יוֹצֵ֨ר יָצַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 23 dislocated _ Gloss=[one.who].formed|Ref=AMO_4:13!3|MId=o300040130031|Strong=3335|Frame=A1:300040130041;|Type=participle_active 4 הָרִ֜ים הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 obj _ Gloss=mountains|Ref=AMO_4:13!4|MId=o300040130041|Strong=2022 5-6 וּבֹרֵ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=AMO_4:13!5|MId=o300040130051|Strong=2050b 6 בֹרֵ֣א בָּרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=[one.who].created|Ref=AMO_4:13!5|MId=o300040130052|Strong=1254|Frame=A1:300040130061;|Type=participle_active 7 ר֗וּחַ רוּחַ NOUN _ Number=Sing 6 obj _ Gloss=wind|Ref=AMO_4:13!6|MId=o300040130061|Strong=7307 8-9 וּמַגִּ֤יד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=AMO_4:13!7|MId=o300040130071|Strong=2050b 9 מַגִּ֤יד נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=[one.who].tells|Ref=AMO_4:13!7|MId=o300040130072|Strong=5046|Frame=A1:300040130091;|Type=participle_active 10-11 לְאָדָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=AMO_4:13!8|MId=o300040130081|Strong=3807a 11 אָדָם֙ אָדָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=humankind|Ref=AMO_4:13!8|MId=o300040130082|Strong=0120 12 מַה־ מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 9 ccomp _ Gloss=what?|Ref=AMO_4:13!9|MId=o300040130091|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 שֵּׂח֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 שֵּׂח שֵׂחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=thought|Ref=AMO_4:13!10|MId=o300040130101|Strong=7808 14 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[is].his|Ref=AMO_4:13!10|MId=o300040130102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15 עֹשֵׂ֥ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=[one.who].makes|Ref=AMO_4:13!11|MId=o300040130111|Strong=6213|Frame=A1:300040130121;|Type=participle_active 16 שַׁ֙חַר֙ שַׁחַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obj _ Gloss=(of).dawn|Ref=AMO_4:13!12|MId=o300040130121|Strong=7837 17 עֵיפָ֔ה עֵיפָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 xcomp _ Gloss=darkness|Ref=AMO_4:13!13|MId=o300040130131|Strong=5890 18-19 וְדֹרֵ֖ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=AMO_4:13!14|MId=o300040130141|Strong=2050b 19 דֹרֵ֖ךְ דָּרַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=[one.who].treads|Ref=AMO_4:13!14|MId=o300040130142|Strong=1869|Type=participle_active 20 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=AMO_4:13!15|MId=o300040130151|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 21 בָּ֣מֳתֵי בָּמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 19 obl _ Gloss=[the].high.places|Ref=AMO_4:13!16|MId=o300040130161|Strong=1116 22 אָ֑רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].earth|Ref=AMO_4:13!17|MId=o300040130171|Strong=0776 23 יְהוָ֥ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=[is].Yahweh|Ref=AMO_4:13!18|MId=o300040130181|Strong=3068 24 אֱלֹהֵֽי־ אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 appos _ Gloss=God|Ref=AMO_4:13!19|MId=o300040130191|Strong=0430|SpaceAfter=No 25 צְבָא֖וֹת צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Plur 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.hosts|Ref=AMO_4:13!20|MId=o300040130201|Strong=6635 26-27 שְׁמֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 שְׁמ שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ Gloss=name|Ref=AMO_4:13!21|MId=o300040130211|Strong=8034 27 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=AMO_4:13!21|MId=o300040130212|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=AMO_4:13!21|SpaceAfter=No 29 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=AMO_4:13!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יוֹצֵר *\[one who\] formed* | participle active · qal | | הָרִים *mountains* | | | | בֹרֵא *\[one who\] created* | participle active · qal | | רוּחַ *wind* | | | | מַגִּיד *\[one who\] tells* | participle active · hiphil | | מַה־ *what?* | | | | עֹשֵׂה *\[one who\] makes* | participle active · qal | | שַׁחַר *(of) dawn* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אֲרֵי הָא מִתְגְלֵי דִיצַר טוּרַיָא וּבְרָא רוּחָא לְחַוָאָה לֶאֱנָשָׁא מָה עוֹבָדוֹהִי לְאִתְקְנָאָה נְהוֹר לְצַדִיקַיָא כִּנְהוֹר טוּרַיָא דַאֲזִיל וְתַקֵין לְאַיְתָאָה חֲשׁוֹךְ לְרַשִׁעַיָא לְמִתְבַּר רַשִׁיעֵי אַרְעָא יְיָ אֱלֹהֵי צְבָאוֹת שְׁמֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [For, lo, He that formeth the mountains, and createth the wind, and declareth unto man what is his thought, that maketh the morning darkness, and treadeth upon the high places of the earth; the LORD, the God of hosts, is His name.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.64/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:AMO:58`. - ← previous: [Amos 4:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.4.12/) - next →: [Amos 5:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.5.1/) - ↑ back to [Amos 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/4/)