--- title: Amos 5:16 — Therefore thus saith the LORD, the God of hosts, the Lord: Lamentati… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Therefore thus saith the LORD, the God of hosts, the Lord: Lamentation shall be in all the broad places, and they shall say in all the streets: 'Alas! alas!' and they shall call the husbandman to mourning, and proclaim lamentation to such as are skilful of wailing. Who acts: LORD, Lamentation, hosts --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.5.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Amos](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/) / [chapter 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/5/) / 5:16 # Amos 5:16 עָמוֹס **Who acts:** LORD, Lamentation, hosts · **What happens:** say, be, call, proclaim, wail · **To what, where:** broad places, streets, husbandman, mourning, lamentation · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Amos 5:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, Lamentation, hosts — and what happens in the verse to broad places, streets, husbandman, mourning, lamentation, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 9 chapters of Amos on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לָ֠כֵן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י צְבָאוֹת֙ אֲדֹנָ֔י בְּכָל־רְחֹב֣וֹת מִסְפֵּ֔ד וּבְכָל־חוּצ֖וֹת יֹאמְר֣וּ הוֹ־ה֑וֹ וְקָרְא֤וּ אִכָּר֙ אֶל־אֵ֔בֶל וּמִסְפֵּ֖ד אֶל־י֥וֹדְעֵי נֶֽהִי׃ [Therefore thus saith the LORD, the God of hosts, the Lord: Lamentation shall be in all the broad places, and they shall say in all the streets: 'Alas! alas!' and they shall call the husbandman to mourning, and proclaim lamentation to such as are skilful of wailing.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.80/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:AMO:74 # text = לָ֠כֵן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י צְבָאוֹת֙ אֲדֹנָ֔י בְּכָל־רְחֹב֣וֹת מִסְפֵּ֔ד וּבְכָל־חוּצ֖וֹת יֹאמְר֣וּ הוֹ־ה֑וֹ וְקָרְא֤וּ אִכָּר֙ אֶל־אֵ֔בֶל וּמִסְפֵּ֖ד אֶל־י֥וֹדְעֵי נֶֽהִי׃ # verse = AMO.5.16 1-2 לָ֠כֵן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 לָ֠ לָכֵן ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=AMO_5:16!1|MId=o300050160011|Strong=3807a 2 כֵן כֵּן ADV _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=|Ref=AMO_5:16!1|MId=o300050160012|Strong=3651 3 כֹּֽה־ כֹּה ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=AMO_5:16!2|MId=o300050160021|Strong=3541|SpaceAfter=No 4 אָמַ֨ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=AMO_5:16!3|MId=o300050160031|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:300050160041;|Type=qatal 5 יְהוָ֜ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 4 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=AMO_5:16!4|MId=o300050160041|Strong=3068 6 אֱלֹהֵ֤י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 appos _ Gloss=God|Ref=AMO_5:16!5|MId=o300050160051|Strong=0430 7 צְבָאוֹת֙ צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Plur 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.hosts|Ref=AMO_5:16!6|MId=o300050160061|Strong=6635 8-9 אֲדֹנָ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 אֲדֹנ אֲדֹנָי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 appos _ Gloss=Lord|Ref=AMO_5:16!7|MId=o300050160071|Strong=0136 9 ָ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[the]|Ref=AMO_5:16!7|MId=o300050160072|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 10-11 בְּכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=[will|Ref=AMO_5:16!8|MId=o300050160081|Strong=0871a 11 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 ccomp _ Gloss=be].in.all|Ref=AMO_5:16!8|MId=o300050160082|Strong=3605 12 רְחֹב֣וֹת רְחֹב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=[the].open.places|Ref=AMO_5:16!9|MId=o300050160091|Strong=7339 13 מִסְפֵּ֔ד מִסְפֵּד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ Gloss=wailing|Ref=AMO_5:16!10|MId=o300050160101|Strong=4553 14-16 וּבְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=AMO_5:16!11|MId=o300050160111|Strong=2050b 15 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=AMO_5:16!11|MId=o300050160112|Strong=0871a 16 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=AMO_5:16!11|MId=o300050160113|Strong=3605 17 חוּצ֖וֹת חוּץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=[the].streets|Ref=AMO_5:16!12|MId=o300050160121|Strong=2351 18 יֹאמְר֣וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 11 conj _ Gloss=people.will.say|Ref=AMO_5:16!13|MId=o300050160131|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:300050150131;A1:300050160141;|Type=yiqtol 19 הוֹ־ הוֹ INTJ _ _ 18 ccomp _ Gloss=alas!|Ref=AMO_5:16!14|MId=o300050160141|Strong=1930|Type=interjection|SpaceAfter=No 20 ה֑וֹ הוֹ INTJ _ _ 19 discourse _ Gloss=alas!|Ref=AMO_5:16!15|MId=o300050160151|Strong=1930|Type=interjection 21-22 וְקָרְא֤וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=AMO_5:16!16|MId=o300050160161|Strong=2050b 22 קָרְא֤וּ קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 11 conj _ Gloss=people.will.call|Ref=AMO_5:16!16|MId=o300050160162|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:300050150131;A1:300050160171;|Type=weqatal 23 אִכָּר֙ אִכָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obj _ Gloss=a.farmer|Ref=AMO_5:16!17|MId=o300050160171|Strong=0406 24 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=AMO_5:16!18|MId=o300050160181|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 25 אֵ֔בֶל אֵבֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=mourning|Ref=AMO_5:16!19|MId=o300050160191|Strong=0060 26-27 וּמִסְפֵּ֖ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=AMO_5:16!20|MId=o300050160201|Strong=2050b 27 מִסְפֵּ֖ד מִסְפֵּד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 conj _ Gloss=wailing|Ref=AMO_5:16!20|MId=o300050160202|Strong=4553 28 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=AMO_5:16!21|MId=o300050160211|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 29 י֥וֹדְעֵי יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 27 advcl _ Gloss=[those.who].know|Ref=AMO_5:16!22|MId=o300050160221|Strong=3045|Frame=A1:300050160231;|Type=participle_active 30 נֶֽהִי נְהִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=(of).mourning.song[s]|Ref=AMO_5:16!23|MId=o300050160231|Strong=5092|SpaceAfter=No 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=AMO_5:16!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | יֹאמְרוּ *people will say* | yiqtol · qal | | הוֹ־ *alas!* | | | | קָרְאוּ *people will call* | weqatal · qal | | אִכָּר *a farmer* | | | | יוֹדְעֵי *\[those who\] know* | participle active · qal | | נֶֽהִי *(of) mourning song\[s\]* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} בְּכֵן כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ אֱלֹהֵי צְבָאוֹת יְיָ בְּכָל רְחוֹבַיָא מִסְפְּדָא וּבְכָל שׁוּקַיָא יֵימְרוּן וַי וַי וִיעָרְעוּן אִכָּר לְאֵבָל וְעָבַד מִסְפְּדָא לִדְיָרְעֵי אִלְיָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Therefore thus saith the LORD, the God of hosts, the Lord: Lamentation shall be in all the broad places, and they shall say in all the streets: 'Alas! alas!' and they shall call the husbandman to mourning, and proclaim lamentation to such as are skilful of wailing.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.80/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:AMO:74`. - ← previous: [Amos 5:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.5.15/) - next →: [Amos 5:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.5.17/) - ↑ back to [Amos 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/5/)