--- title: Amos 8:10 — And I will turn your feasts into mourning, and all your songs into l… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And I will turn your feasts into mourning, and all your songs into lamentation; and I will bring up sackcloth upon all loins, and baldness upon every head; and I will make it as the mourning for an only son, and the end thereof as a bitter day. Who acts: I, your. Amos 8:10 in Hebrew with its depende --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.8.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Amos](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/8/) / 8:10 # Amos 8:10 עָמוֹס **Who acts:** I, your · **What happens:** turn, bring up, make, sing · **To what, where:** feasts, mourning, sackcloth, land, lamentation This is Amos 8:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, your — and what happens in the verse to feasts, mourning, sackcloth, land, lamentation, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 9 chapters of Amos on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהָפַכְתִּ֨י חַגֵּיכֶ֜ם לְאֵ֗בֶל וְכָל־שִֽׁירֵיכֶם֙ לְקִינָ֔ה וְהַעֲלֵיתִ֤י עַל־כָּל־מָתְנַ֙יִם֙ שָׂ֔ק וְעַל־כָּל־רֹ֖אשׁ קָרְחָ֑ה וְשַׂמְתִּ֙יהָ֙ כְּאֵ֣בֶל יָחִ֔יד וְאַחֲרִיתָ֖הּ כְּי֥וֹם מָֽר׃ [And I will turn your feasts into mourning, and all your songs into lamentation; and I will bring up sackcloth upon all loins, and baldness upon every head; and I will make it as the mourning for an only son, and the end thereof as a bitter day.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.137/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:AMO:126 # text = וְהָפַכְתִּ֨י חַגֵּיכֶ֜ם לְאֵ֗בֶל וְכָל־שִֽׁירֵיכֶם֙ לְקִינָ֔ה וְהַעֲלֵיתִ֤י עַל־כָּל־מָתְנַ֙יִם֙ שָׂ֔ק וְעַל־כָּל־רֹ֖אשׁ קָרְחָ֑ה וְשַׂמְתִּ֙יהָ֙ כְּאֵ֣בֶל יָחִ֔יד וְאַחֲרִיתָ֖הּ כְּי֥וֹם מָֽר׃ # verse = AMO.8.10 1-2 וְהָפַכְתִּ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=AMO_8:10!1|MId=o300080100011|Strong=2050b 2 הָפַכְתִּ֨י הָפַךְ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.will.turn|Ref=AMO_8:10!1|MId=o300080100012|Strong=2015|Frame=A0:300080090051;A1:300080100021;|Type=weqatal 3-4 חַגֵּיכֶ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 חַגֵּי חַג NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obj _ Gloss=feasts|Ref=AMO_8:10!2|MId=o300080100021|Strong=2282 4 כֶ֜ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=AMO_8:10!2|MId=o300080100022|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 5-6 לְאֵ֗בֶל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=AMO_8:10!3|MId=o300080100031|Strong=3807a 6 אֵ֗בֶל אֵבֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=mourning|Ref=AMO_8:10!3|MId=o300080100032|Strong=0060 7-8 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=AMO_8:10!4|MId=o300080100041|Strong=2050b 8 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=AMO_8:10!4|MId=o300080100042|Strong=3605 9-10 שִֽׁירֵיכֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 שִֽׁירֵי שִׁיר NOUN _ Number=Plur 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=songs|Ref=AMO_8:10!5|MId=o300080100051|Strong=7892 10 כֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=AMO_8:10!5|MId=o300080100052|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 11-12 לְקִינָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=AMO_8:10!6|MId=o300080100061|Strong=3807a 12 קִינָ֔ה קִינָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=lamentation|Ref=AMO_8:10!6|MId=o300080100062|Strong=7015 13-14 וְהַעֲלֵיתִ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=AMO_8:10!7|MId=o300080100071|Strong=2050b 14 הַעֲלֵיתִ֤י עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I.will.bring.up|Ref=AMO_8:10!7|MId=o300080100072|Strong=5927|Frame=AA:300080090051;A0:300080100111;|Type=weqatal 15 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=AMO_8:10!8|MId=o300080100081|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 16 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=AMO_8:10!9|MId=o300080100091|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 17 מָתְנַ֙יִם֙ מׇתְנַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=loins|Ref=AMO_8:10!10|MId=o300080100101|Strong=4975 18 שָׂ֔ק שַׂק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obj _ Gloss=sackcloth|Ref=AMO_8:10!11|MId=o300080100111|Strong=8242 19-20 וְעַל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=AMO_8:10!12|MId=o300080100121|Strong=2050b 20 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=AMO_8:10!12|MId=o300080100122|Strong=5921 21 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 conj _ Gloss=every|Ref=AMO_8:10!13|MId=o300080100131|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 22 רֹ֖אשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=head|Ref=AMO_8:10!14|MId=o300080100141|Strong=7218 23 קָרְחָ֑ה קׇרְחָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 obj _ Gloss=baldness|Ref=AMO_8:10!15|MId=o300080100151|Strong=7144 24-26 וְשַׂמְתִּ֙יהָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=AMO_8:10!16|MId=o300080100161|Strong=2050b 25 שַׂמְתִּ֙י שׂים VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I|Ref=AMO_8:10!16|MId=o300080100162|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:300080090051;A1:300080100163;|Type=weqatal 26 הָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obj _ Gloss=will.make.it|Ref=AMO_8:10!16|MId=o300080100163|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 27-28 כְּאֵ֣בֶל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=like.[the]|Ref=AMO_8:10!17|MId=o300080100171|Strong=3509a 28 אֵ֣בֶל אֵבֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=mourning|Ref=AMO_8:10!17|MId=o300080100172|Strong=0060 29 יָחִ֔יד יָחִיד ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.an.only.[son]|Ref=AMO_8:10!18|MId=o300080100181|Strong=3173|Type=adjective 30-32 וְאַחֲרִיתָ֖הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=AMO_8:10!19|MId=o300080100191|Strong=2050b 31 אַחֲרִית אַחֲרִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 25 conj _ Gloss=end|Ref=AMO_8:10!19|MId=o300080100192|Strong=0319 32 ָ֖הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=AMO_8:10!19|MId=o300080100193|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 33-34 כְּי֥וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=[will|Ref=AMO_8:10!20|MId=o300080100201|Strong=3509a 34 י֥וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 obl _ Gloss=be].like.a.day|Ref=AMO_8:10!20|MId=o300080100202|Strong=3117 35 מָֽר מַר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 amod _ Gloss=bitter|Ref=AMO_8:10!21|MId=o300080100211|Strong=4751|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=AMO_8:10!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הָפַכְתִּי *I will turn* | weqatal · qal | | חַגֵּי *feasts* | | | | הַעֲלֵיתִי *I will bring up* | weqatal · hiphil | שָׂק *sackcloth* | | | | | שַׂמְתִּי *I* | weqatal · qal | | הָ *will make it* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאַהֲפֵיךְ חֲגֵיכוֹן לְאָבְלָא וְכָל תֻּשְׁבַּחְתְּכוֹן לְאִלְיָא וְאֶסַק עַל כָּל חַרְצִין סַק וְעַל כָּל רֵישׁ מְרַט וְאַשְׁוִינָהּ כְּאֵבֶל יָחִיד וְסוֹפָהּ כְּיוֹם מְרִיר: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And I will turn your feasts into mourning, and all your songs into lamentation; and I will bring up sackcloth upon all loins, and baldness upon every head; and I will make it as the mourning for an only son, and the end thereof as a bitter day.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.137/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:AMO:126`. - ← previous: [Amos 8:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.8.9/) - next →: [Amos 8:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.8.11/) - ↑ back to [Amos 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/8/)