--- title: Amos 8:5 — Saying: 'When will the new moon be gone, that we may sell grain? and… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Saying: 'When will the new moon be gone, that we may sell grain? and the sabbath, that we may set forth corn? making the ephah small, and the shekel great, and falsifying the balances of deceit; Who acts: new moon, we, deceit. Amos 8:5 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 an --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.8.5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Amos](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/8/) / 8:5 # Amos 8:5 עָמוֹס **Who acts:** new moon, we, deceit · **What happens:** say, be, sell, set, make, falsify · **To what, where:** grain, corn, ephah, balances · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Amos 8:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — new moon, we, deceit — and what happens in the verse to grain, corn, ephah, balances, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 9 chapters of Amos on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לֵאמֹ֗ר מָתַ֞י יַעֲבֹ֤ר הַחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ וְנַשְׁבִּ֣ירָה שֶּׁ֔בֶר וְהַשַּׁבָּ֖ת וְנִפְתְּחָה־בָּ֑ר לְהַקְטִ֤ין אֵיפָה֙ וּלְהַגְדִּ֣יל שֶׁ֔קֶל וּלְעַוֵּ֖ת מֹאזְנֵ֥י מִרְמָֽה׃ [Saying: 'When will the new moon be gone, that we may sell grain? and the sabbath, that we may set forth corn? making the ephah small, and the shekel great, and falsifying the balances of deceit;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.131/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:AMO:121 # text = לֵאמֹ֗ר מָתַ֞י יַעֲבֹ֤ר הַחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ וְנַשְׁבִּ֣ירָה שֶּׁ֔בֶר וְהַשַּׁבָּ֖ת וְנִפְתְּחָה־בָּ֑ר לְהַקְטִ֤ין אֵיפָה֙ וּלְהַגְדִּ֣יל שֶׁ֔קֶל וּלְעַוֵּ֖ת מֹאזְנֵ֥י מִרְמָֽה׃ # verse = AMO.8.5 1-2 לֵאמֹ֗ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 לֵ לְ ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=AMO_8:5!1|MId=o300080050011|Strong=3807a 2 אמֹ֗ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 0 root _ Gloss=|Ref=AMO_8:5!1|MId=o300080050012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:300080040032;|Type=infinitive_construct 3 מָתַ֞י מָתַי PART _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=when?|Ref=AMO_8:5!2|MId=o300080050021|Strong=4970|Type=interrogative 4 יַעֲבֹ֤ר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 ccomp _ Gloss=will.it.pass|Ref=AMO_8:5!3|MId=o300080050031|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:300080050042;|Type=yiqtol 5-6 הַחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the.new|Ref=AMO_8:5!4|MId=o300080050041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 חֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ חֹדֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=moon|Ref=AMO_8:5!4|MId=o300080050042|Strong=2320 7-8 וְנַשְׁבִּ֣ירָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=so|Ref=AMO_8:5!5|MId=o300080050051|Strong=2050b 8 נַשְׁבִּ֣ירָה שָׁבַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=1 4 conj _ Gloss=that.we.may.sell.grain|Ref=AMO_8:5!5|MId=o300080050052|Strong=7666|Frame=AA:300080040032;A0:300080050061;|Type=cohortative 9 שֶּׁ֔בֶר שֶׁבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obj _ Gloss=grain|Ref=AMO_8:5!6|MId=o300080050061|Strong=7668 10-12 וְהַשַּׁבָּ֖ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=AMO_8:5!7|MId=o300080050071|Strong=2050b 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=AMO_8:5!7|MId=o300080050072|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 שַּׁבָּ֖ת שַׁבָּת NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 conj _ Gloss=sabbath|Ref=AMO_8:5!7|MId=o300080050073|Strong=7676 13-14 וְנִפְתְּחָה־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=so|Ref=AMO_8:5!8|MId=o300080050081|Strong=2050b 14 נִפְתְּחָה־ פָּתַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 12 conj _ Gloss=that.we.may.open|Ref=AMO_8:5!8|MId=o300080050082|Strong=6605|Frame=A0:300080040032;A1:300080050091;|Type=cohortative 15 בָּ֑ר בַּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obj _ Gloss=grain|Ref=AMO_8:5!9|MId=o300080050091|Strong=1250 16-17 לְהַקְטִ֤ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=AMO_8:5!10|MId=o300080050101|Strong=3807a 17 הַקְטִ֤ין קָטֹן VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 4 parataxis _ Gloss=make.small|Ref=AMO_8:5!10|MId=o300080050102|Strong=6994|Frame=AA:300080040032;A0:300080050111;|Type=infinitive_construct 18 אֵיפָה֙ אֵיפָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 obj _ Gloss=an.ephah|Ref=AMO_8:5!11|MId=o300080050111|Strong=0374 19-21 וּלְהַגְדִּ֣יל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=AMO_8:5!12|MId=o300080050121|Strong=2050b 20 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=AMO_8:5!12|MId=o300080050122|Strong=3807a 21 הַגְדִּ֣יל גָּדַל VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 17 conj _ Gloss=make.great|Ref=AMO_8:5!12|MId=o300080050123|Strong=1431|Frame=AA:300080040032;A0:300080050131;|Type=infinitive_construct 22 שֶׁ֔קֶל שֶׁקֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 obj _ Gloss=a.shekel|Ref=AMO_8:5!13|MId=o300080050131|Strong=8255 23-25 וּלְעַוֵּ֖ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=AMO_8:5!14|MId=o300080050141|Strong=2050b 24 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=AMO_8:5!14|MId=o300080050142|Strong=3807a 25 עַוֵּ֖ת עָוַת VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 17 conj _ Gloss=falsify|Ref=AMO_8:5!14|MId=o300080050143|Strong=5791|Frame=A0:300080040032;A1:300080050151;|Type=infinitive_construct 26 מֹאזְנֵ֥י מֹאזְנַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 25 obj _ Gloss=balances|Ref=AMO_8:5!15|MId=o300080050151|Strong=3976 27 מִרְמָֽה מִרְמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.deceit|Ref=AMO_8:5!16|MId=o300080050161|Strong=4820|SpaceAfter=No 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=AMO_8:5!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: a frame; the quote follows - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | יַעֲבֹר *will it pass* | yiqtol · qal | חֹדֶשׁ *moon* | | | | | נַשְׁבִּירָה *that we may sell grain* | cohortative · hiphil | שֶּׁבֶר *grain* | | | | | נִפְתְּחָה־ *that we may open* | cohortative · qal | | בָּר *grain* | | | | הַקְטִין *make small* | infinitive construct · hiphil | אֵיפָה *an ephah* | | | | | הַגְדִּיל *make great* | infinitive construct · hiphil | שֶׁקֶל *a shekel* | | | | | עַוֵּת *falsify* | infinitive construct · piel | | מֹאזְנֵי *balances* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} דְאָמְרִין אֵימָתַי יִמְטֵי יְרַח עִבּוּרָא וּנְזַבֵּן עִבּוּרָא וּשְׁמִטְתָּא וְנִפְתַּח אוֹצְרִין לְאַזְעָרָא מְכִלְתָּא וּלְאוֹסְפָא עַל סִלְעָא וּלְשַׁקְרָא בְמָזְנְוָן דִנְכִיל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Saying: 'When will the new moon be gone, that we may sell grain? and the sabbath, that we may set forth corn? making the ephah small, and the shekel great, and falsifying the balances of deceit;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.131/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:AMO:121`. - ← previous: [Amos 8:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.8.4/) - next →: [Amos 8:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.8.6/) - ↑ back to [Amos 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/8/)