--- title: Amos 9:1 — I saw the Lord standing beside the altar; and He said: Smite the cap… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: I saw the Lord standing beside the altar; and He said: Smite the capitals, that the posts may shake; and break them in pieces on the head of all of them; and I will slay the residue of them with the sword; there shall not one of them flee away, and there shall not one of them escape. Who acts: I, Lo --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.9.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Amos](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/9/) / 9:1 # Amos 9:1 עָמוֹס **Who acts:** I, Lord, He, posts, one · **What happens:** see, stand, say, smite, shake, break · **To what, where:** Lord, altar, capitals, posts, pieces, residue · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Amos 9:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, Lord, He, posts, one — and what happens in the verse to Lord, altar, capitals, posts, pieces, residue, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 9 chapters of Amos on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. רָאִ֨יתִי אֶת־אֲדֹנָ֜י נִצָּ֣ב עַֽל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֗חַ וַיֹּאמֶר֩ הַ֨ךְ הַכַּפְתּ֜וֹר וְיִרְעֲשׁ֣וּ הַסִּפִּ֗ים וּבְצַ֙עַם֙ בְּרֹ֣אשׁ כֻּלָּ֔ם וְאַחֲרִיתָ֖ם בַּחֶ֣רֶב אֶהֱרֹ֑ג לֹֽא־יָנ֤וּס לָהֶם֙ נָ֔ס וְלֹֽא־יִמָּלֵ֥ט לָהֶ֖ם פָּלִֽיט׃ [I saw the Lord standing beside the altar; and He said: Smite the capitals, that the posts may shake; and break them in pieces on the head of all of them; and I will slay the residue of them with the sword; there shall not one of them flee away, and there shall not one of them escape.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.142/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:AMO:131 # text = רָאִ֨יתִי אֶת־אֲדֹנָ֜י נִצָּ֣ב עַֽל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֗חַ וַיֹּאמֶר֩ הַ֨ךְ הַכַּפְתּ֜וֹר וְיִרְעֲשׁ֣וּ הַסִּפִּ֗ים וּבְצַ֙עַם֙ בְּרֹ֣אשׁ כֻּלָּ֔ם וְאַחֲרִיתָ֖ם בַּחֶ֣רֶב אֶהֱרֹ֑ג לֹֽא־יָנ֤וּס לָהֶם֙ נָ֔ס וְלֹֽא־יִמָּלֵ֥ט לָהֶ֖ם פָּלִֽיט׃ # verse = AMO.9.1 1 רָאִ֨יתִי רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.saw|Ref=AMO_9:1!1|MId=o300090010011|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:300070140021;A1:300090010041;|Type=qatal 2 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=AMO_9:1!2|MId=o300090010021|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 3-4 אֲדֹנָ֜י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אֲדֹנ אֲדֹנָי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ Gloss=Lord|Ref=AMO_9:1!3|MId=o300090010031|Strong=0136 4 ָ֜י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[the]|Ref=AMO_9:1!3|MId=o300090010032|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 5 נִצָּ֣ב נָצַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 1 obj _ Gloss=standing|Ref=AMO_9:1!4|MId=o300090010041|Strong=5324|Frame=A0:300090010031;|Type=participle_active 6 עַֽל־ עַל ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=AMO_9:1!5|MId=o300090010051|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 הַמִּזְבֵּ֗חַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=AMO_9:1!6|MId=o300090010061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 מִּזְבֵּ֗חַ מִזְבֵּחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=altar|Ref=AMO_9:1!6|MId=o300090010062|Strong=4196 9-10 וַיֹּאמֶר֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=AMO_9:1!7|MId=o300090010071|Strong=2050b 10 יֹּאמֶר֩ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=AMO_9:1!7|MId=o300090010072|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:300090010031;|Type=wayyiqtol 11 הַ֨ךְ נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 10 ccomp _ Gloss=strike|Ref=AMO_9:1!8|MId=o300090010081|Strong=5221|Frame=A0:;A1:300090010092;|Type=imperative 12-13 הַכַּפְתּ֜וֹר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=AMO_9:1!9|MId=o300090010091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 כַּפְתּ֜וֹר כַּפְתּוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obj _ Gloss=capital|Ref=AMO_9:1!9|MId=o300090010092|Strong=3730 14-15 וְיִרְעֲשׁ֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=so|Ref=AMO_9:1!10|MId=o300090010101|Strong=2050b 15 יִרְעֲשׁ֣וּ רָעַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 11 conj _ Gloss=that.they.may.shake|Ref=AMO_9:1!10|MId=o300090010102|Strong=7493|Frame=A0:300090010112;|Type=yiqtol 16-17 הַסִּפִּ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=AMO_9:1!11|MId=o300090010111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 סִּפִּ֗ים סַף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ Gloss=thresholds|Ref=AMO_9:1!11|MId=o300090010112|Strong=5592 18-20 וּבְצַ֙עַם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=AMO_9:1!12|MId=o300090010121|Strong=2050b 19 בְצַ֙ע בָּצַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 11 conj _ Gloss=break|Ref=AMO_9:1!12|MId=o300090010122|Strong=1214|Frame=A0:;A1:300090010123;|Type=imperative 20 ַם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 obj _ Gloss=them.off|Ref=AMO_9:1!12|MId=o300090010123|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 21-22 בְּרֹ֣אשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=AMO_9:1!13|MId=o300090010131|Strong=0871a 22 רֹ֣אשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=the.head|Ref=AMO_9:1!13|MId=o300090010132|Strong=7218 23-24 כֻּלָּ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 כֻּלּ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=all.of.them|Ref=AMO_9:1!14|MId=o300090010141|Strong=3605 24 ָ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=AMO_9:1!14|MId=o300090010142|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 25-27 וְאַחֲרִיתָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=AMO_9:1!15|MId=o300090010151|Strong=2050b 26 אַחֲרִית אַחֲרִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 31 obj _ Gloss=posterity|Ref=AMO_9:1!15|MId=o300090010152|Strong=0319 27 ָ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=AMO_9:1!15|MId=o300090010153|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 28-30 בַּחֶ֣רֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=AMO_9:1!16|MId=o300090010161|Strong=0871a 29 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=AMO_9:1!16|MId=o300090010161ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 חֶ֣רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 31 obl _ Gloss=sword|Ref=AMO_9:1!16|MId=o300090010162|Strong=2719 31 אֶהֱרֹ֑ג הָרַג VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 11 conj _ Gloss=I.will.kill|Ref=AMO_9:1!17|MId=o300090010171|Strong=2026|Frame=A0:300090010031;A1:300090010152;|Type=yiqtol 32 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 33 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=AMO_9:1!18|MId=o300090010181|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 33 יָנ֤וּס נוּס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 parataxis _ Gloss=he.will.flee|Ref=AMO_9:1!19|MId=o300090010191|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:300090010211;|Type=yiqtol 34-35 לָהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 ל לְ ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=AMO_9:1!20|MId=o300090010201|Strong=3807a 35 ָהֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=AMO_9:1!20|MId=o300090010202|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 36 נָ֔ס נוּס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ Gloss=[one.who].flees|Ref=AMO_9:1!21|MId=o300090010211|Strong=5127|Type=participle_active 37-38 וְלֹֽא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 39 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=AMO_9:1!22|MId=o300090010221|Strong=2050b 38 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 39 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=AMO_9:1!22|MId=o300090010222|Strong=3808|Type=negative 39 יִמָּלֵ֥ט מָלַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 conj _ Gloss=he.will.escape|Ref=AMO_9:1!23|MId=o300090010231|Strong=4422|Frame=A0:300090010251;|Type=yiqtol 40-41 לָהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 ל לְ ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=AMO_9:1!24|MId=o300090010241|Strong=3807a 41 ָהֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=AMO_9:1!24|MId=o300090010242|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 42 פָּלִֽיט פָּלִיט NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 39 nsubj _ Gloss=an.escapee|Ref=AMO_9:1!25|MId=o300090010251|Strong=6412|SpaceAfter=No 43 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 42 punct _ Ref=AMO_9:1!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | רָאִיתִי *I saw* | qatal · qal | | נִצָּב *standing* | | | | נִצָּב *standing* | participle active · niphal | אֲדֹנ *Lord* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲדֹנ *Lord* | | | | | הַךְ *strike* | imperative · hiphil | | כַּפְתּוֹר *capital* | | | | יִרְעֲשׁוּ *that they may shake* | yiqtol · qal | סִּפִּים *thresholds* | | | | | בְצַע *break* | imperative · qal | | ַם *them off* | | | | אֶהֱרֹג *I will kill* | yiqtol · qal | אֲדֹנ *Lord* | אַחֲרִית *posterity* | | | | **not** יָנוּס *he will flee* | yiqtol · qal | נָס *\[one who\] flees* | | | | | **not** יִמָּלֵט *he will escape* | yiqtol · niphal | פָּלִֽיט *an escapee* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אֲמַר עָמוֹס נְבִיָא חֲזֵיתִי יַת יְקָרָא דַייָ אִסְתַּלֵק מִכְּרוּבָא וּשְׁרָא עַל מַדְבְּחָא וַאֲמַר אִם לֵית עַמָא בֵית יִשְׂרָאֵל תָּיְבִין לְאוֹרַיְתָא טְפֵי מְנַרְתָּא אִתְקְטֵיל מַלְכָּא יֹאשִׁיָה וְיֶחְרַב בֵּיתָא וְיִתְפַּגְרָן עֲזָרָתָא וּמָנֵי בֵית מַקְדְשָׁא בְּשִׁבְיָא יַהֲכוּן וּשְׁאָרֵיהוֹן בְּחַרְבָּא אֶקְטוֹל לָא יַעֲרוֹק לְהוֹן דַעֲרִיק וְלָא יִשְׁתֵּזֵיב לְהוֹן דְמִשְׁתֵּיזִיב: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [I saw the Lord standing beside the altar; and He said: Smite the capitals, that the posts may shake; and break them in pieces on the head of all of them; and I will slay the residue of them with the sword; there shall not one of them flee away, and there shall not one of them escape.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/AMO.142/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:AMO:131`. - ← previous: [Amos 8:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.8.14/) - next →: [Amos 9:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO.9.2/) - ↑ back to [Amos 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/AMO/9/)