--- title: Ezekiel 1:13 — As for the likeness of the living creatures, their appearance was li… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: As for the likeness of the living creatures, their appearance was like coals of fire, burning like the appearance of torches; it flashed up and down among the living creatures; and there was brightness to the fire, and out of the fire went forth lightning. Who acts: appearance, brightness, lightning --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.1.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/1/) / 1:13 # Ezekiel 1:13 יְחֶזְקֵאל **Who acts:** appearance, brightness, lightning · **What happens:** be, burn, flash up, go · **To what, where:** living creatures, fire This is Ezekiel 1:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — appearance, brightness, lightning — and what happens in the verse to living creatures, fire, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 48 chapters of Ezekiel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּדְמ֨וּת הַחַיּ֜וֹת מַרְאֵיהֶ֣ם כְּגַחֲלֵי־אֵ֗שׁ בֹּֽעֲרוֹת֙ כְּמַרְאֵ֣ה הַלַּפִּדִ֔ים הִ֕יא מִתְהַלֶּ֖כֶת בֵּ֣ין הַחַיּ֑וֹת וְנֹ֣גַהּ לָאֵ֔שׁ וּמִן־הָאֵ֖שׁ יוֹצֵ֥א בָרָֽק׃ [As for the likeness of the living creatures, their appearance was like coals of fire, burning like the appearance of torches; it flashed up and down among the living creatures; and there was brightness to the fire, and out of the fire went forth lightning.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.13/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EZK:12 # text = וּדְמ֨וּת הַחַיּ֜וֹת מַרְאֵיהֶ֣ם כְּגַחֲלֵי־אֵ֗שׁ בֹּֽעֲרוֹת֙ כְּמַרְאֵ֣ה הַלַּפִּדִ֔ים הִ֕יא מִתְהַלֶּ֖כֶת בֵּ֣ין הַחַיּ֑וֹת וְנֹ֣גַהּ לָאֵ֔שׁ וּמִן־הָאֵ֖שׁ יוֹצֵ֥א בָרָֽק׃ # verse = EZK.1.13 1-2 וּדְמ֨וּת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_1:13!1|MId=o260010130011|Strong=2050b 2 דְמ֨וּת דְּמוּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=the.likeness|Ref=EZK_1:13!1|MId=o260010130012|Strong=1823 3-4 הַחַיּ֜וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EZK_1:13!2|MId=o260010130021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 חַיּ֜וֹת חַיָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.living.creatures|Ref=EZK_1:13!2|MId=o260010130022|Strong=2416c 5-6 מַרְאֵיהֶ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 מַרְאֵי מַרְאֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 appos _ Gloss=appearance|Ref=EZK_1:13!3|MId=o260010130031|Strong=4758 6 הֶ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EZK_1:13!3|MId=o260010130032|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 7-8 כְּגַחֲלֵי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=[was].like|Ref=EZK_1:13!4|MId=o260010130041|Strong=3509a 8 גַחֲלֵי־ גַּחַל NOUN _ Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=coals|Ref=EZK_1:13!4|MId=o260010130042|Strong=1513 9 אֵ֗שׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.fire|Ref=EZK_1:13!5|MId=o260010130051|Strong=0784 10 בֹּֽעֲרוֹת֙ בָּעַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 8 acl:relcl _ Gloss=burning|Ref=EZK_1:13!6|MId=o260010130061|Strong=1197|Frame=A0:260010130042;|Type=participle_active 11-12 כְּמַרְאֵ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=EZK_1:13!7|MId=o260010130071|Strong=3509a 12 מַרְאֵ֣ה מַרְאֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=the.appearance|Ref=EZK_1:13!7|MId=o260010130072|Strong=4758 13-14 הַלַּפִּדִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=EZK_1:13!8|MId=o260010130081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 לַּפִּדִ֔ים לַפִּיד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=torches|Ref=EZK_1:13!8|MId=o260010130082|Strong=3940 15 הִ֕יא הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=EZK_1:13!9|MId=o260010130091|Strong=1931a|Type=personal 16 מִתְהַלֶּ֖כֶת הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Sing 8 parataxis _ Gloss=[was].moving.about|Ref=EZK_1:13!10|MId=o260010130101|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:260010130091;|Type=participle_active 17 בֵּ֣ין בֵּין ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=EZK_1:13!11|MId=o260010130111|Strong=0996 18-19 הַחַיּ֑וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the.living|Ref=EZK_1:13!12|MId=o260010130121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 חַיּ֑וֹת חַיָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 16 obl _ Gloss=creatures|Ref=EZK_1:13!12|MId=o260010130122|Strong=2416c 20-21 וְנֹ֣גַהּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_1:13!13|MId=o260010130131|Strong=2050b 21 נֹ֣גַהּ נֹגַהּ NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ Gloss=brightness|Ref=EZK_1:13!13|MId=o260010130132|Strong=5051 22-24 לָאֵ֔שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=[belonged].to|Ref=EZK_1:13!14|MId=o260010130141|Strong=3807a 23 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZK_1:13!14|MId=o260010130141ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 אֵ֔שׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 8 conj _ Gloss=fire|Ref=EZK_1:13!14|MId=o260010130142|Strong=0784 25-26 וּמִן־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_1:13!15|MId=o260010130151|Strong=2050b 26 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EZK_1:13!15|MId=o260010130152|Strong=4480 27-28 הָאֵ֖שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZK_1:13!16|MId=o260010130161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 אֵ֖שׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 29 obl _ Gloss=fire|Ref=EZK_1:13!16|MId=o260010130162|Strong=0784 29 יוֹצֵ֥א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 8 conj _ Gloss=[was].coming.out|Ref=EZK_1:13!17|MId=o260010130171|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:260010130181;|Type=participle_active 30 בָרָֽק בָּרָק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ Gloss=lightning|Ref=EZK_1:13!18|MId=o260010130181|Strong=1300|SpaceAfter=No 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=EZK_1:13!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | בֹּֽעֲרוֹת *burning* | participle active · qal | גַחֲלֵי־ *coals* | | | | | מִתְהַלֶּכֶת *\[was\] moving about* | participle active · hithpael | הִיא *it* | | | | | יוֹצֵא *\[was\] coming out* | participle active · qal | בָרָֽק *lightning* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּדְמוּת בִּרְיָתָא חֲזְוֵיהֶן כְּגוּמְרִין דְאֶשָׁא בָּעֲרָן כְּחֵזוּ בְעוּרַיָא אֶשְׁתָּא מִשְׁתַּלְהֲבָא בֵּין בִּרְיָתָא וְזֵיהוֹרַיָא לְאֶשְׁתָּא וּמִן אֶשְׁתָּא נָפֵיק בַּרְקָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [As for the likeness of the living creatures, their appearance was like coals of fire, burning like the appearance of torches; it flashed up and down among the living creatures; and there was brightness to the fire, and out of the fire went forth lightning.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.13/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EZK:12`. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 1:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.1.12/) - next →: [Ezekiel 1:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.1.14/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/1/)