--- title: Ezekiel 10:1 — Then I looked, and, behold, upon the firmament that was over the hea… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then I looked, and, behold, upon the firmament that was over the head of the cherubim, there appeared above them as it were a sapphire stone, as the appearance of the likeness of a throne. Who acts: I, firmament, cherubim. Ezekiel 10:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 an --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.10.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/10/) / 10:1 # Ezekiel 10:1 יְחֶזְקֵאל **Who acts:** I, firmament, cherubim · **What happens:** look, be, appear · **To what, where:** head, firmament, sapphire stone This is Ezekiel 10:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, firmament, cherubim — and what happens in the verse to head, firmament, sapphire stone, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 48 chapters of Ezekiel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וָאֶרְאֶ֗ה וְהִנֵּ֤ה אֶל־הָרָקִ֙יעַ֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הַכְּרֻבִ֔ים כְּאֶ֣בֶן סַפִּ֔יר כְּמַרְאֵ֖ה דְּמ֣וּת כִּסֵּ֑א נִרְאָ֖ה עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ [Then I looked, and, behold, upon the firmament that was over the head of the cherubim, there appeared above them as it were a sapphire stone, as the appearance of the likeness of a throne.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.178/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EZK:169 # text = וָאֶרְאֶ֗ה וְהִנֵּ֤ה אֶל־הָרָקִ֙יעַ֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הַכְּרֻבִ֔ים כְּאֶ֣בֶן סַפִּ֔יר כְּמַרְאֵ֖ה דְּמ֣וּת כִּסֵּ֑א נִרְאָ֖ה עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ # verse = EZK.10.1 1-2 וָאֶרְאֶ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_10:1!1|MId=o260100010011|Strong=2050b 2 אֶרְאֶ֗ה רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.saw|Ref=EZK_10:1!1|MId=o260100010012|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:260010030061;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 וְהִנֵּ֤ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_10:1!2|MId=o260100010021|Strong=2050b 4 הִנֵּ֤ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 20 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=EZK_10:1!2|MId=o260100010022|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 5 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=[was].to|Ref=EZK_10:1!3|MId=o260100010031|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 6-7 הָרָקִ֙יעַ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZK_10:1!4|MId=o260100010041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 רָקִ֙יעַ֙ רָקִיעַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=expanse|Ref=EZK_10:1!4|MId=o260100010042|Strong=7549 8 אֲשֶׁר֙ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=EZK_10:1!5|MId=o260100010051|Strong=0834|Type=relative 9 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=[was].above|Ref=EZK_10:1!6|MId=o260100010061|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 10 רֹ֣אשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 acl:relcl _ Gloss=the.head|Ref=EZK_10:1!7|MId=o260100010071|Strong=7218 11-12 הַכְּרֻבִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EZK_10:1!8|MId=o260100010081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 כְּרֻבִ֔ים כְּרוּב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.cherubim|Ref=EZK_10:1!8|MId=o260100010082|Strong=3742 13-14 כְּאֶ֣בֶן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=EZK_10:1!9|MId=o260100010091|Strong=3509a 14 אֶ֣בֶן אֶבֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=a.stone|Ref=EZK_10:1!9|MId=o260100010092|Strong=0068 15 סַפִּ֔יר סַפִּיר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.sapphire|Ref=EZK_10:1!10|MId=o260100010101|Strong=5601 16-17 כְּמַרְאֵ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=like.[the]|Ref=EZK_10:1!11|MId=o260100010111|Strong=3509a 17 מַרְאֵ֖ה מַרְאֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 conj _ Gloss=appearance|Ref=EZK_10:1!11|MId=o260100010112|Strong=4758 18 דְּמ֣וּת דְּמוּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].likeness|Ref=EZK_10:1!12|MId=o260100010121|Strong=1823 19 כִּסֵּ֑א כִּסֵּא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.throne|Ref=EZK_10:1!13|MId=o260100010131|Strong=3678 20 נִרְאָ֖ה רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.appeared|Ref=EZK_10:1!14|MId=o260100010141|Strong=7200|Frame=A1:260100010092;260100010112;|Type=qatal 21-22 עֲלֵיהֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 עֲלֵי עַל ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=above|Ref=EZK_10:1!15|MId=o260100010151|Strong=5921 22 הֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=EZK_10:1!15|MId=o260100010152|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=EZK_10:1!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֶרְאֶה *I saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | נִרְאָה *it appeared* | qatal · niphal | | אֶבֶן *a stone* + מַרְאֵה *appearance* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַחֲזֵית וְהָא בִרְקִיעָא דִי עַל רֵישׁ כְּרוּבַיָא כַּאֲבַן טָבָא כְּחֵיזוּ דְמוּת כּוּרְסְיָא אִתְחַזֵי עֲלֵיהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then I looked, and, behold, upon the firmament that was over the head of the cherubim, there appeared above them as it were a sapphire stone, as the appearance of the likeness of a throne.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.178/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EZK:169`. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 9:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.9.11/) - next →: [Ezekiel 10:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.10.2/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/10/)