--- title: Ezekiel 12:19 — and say unto the people of the land: Thus saith the Lord GOD concern… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: and say unto the people of the land: Thus saith the Lord GOD concerning the inhabitants of Jerusalem in the land of Israel. They shall eat their bread with anxiety, and drink their water with appalment, that her land may be desolate from all that is therein, because of the violence of all them that --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.12.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/12/) / 12:19 # Ezekiel 12:19 יְחֶזְקֵאל **Who acts:** you, inhabitants, land, violence · **What happens:** say, eat, drink, be, dwell · **To what, where:** Lord GOD, bread, water, all · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Ezekiel 12:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, inhabitants, land, violence — and what happens in the verse to Lord GOD, bread, water, all, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 48 chapters of Ezekiel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֶל־עַ֣ם הָאָ֡רֶץ כֹּֽה־אָמַר֩ אֲדֹנָ֨י יְהוִ֜ה לְיוֹשְׁבֵ֤י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ אֶל־אַדְמַ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לַחְמָם֙ בִּדְאָגָ֣ה יֹאכֵ֔לוּ וּמֵֽימֵיהֶ֖ם בְּשִׁמָּמ֣וֹן יִשְׁתּ֑וּ לְמַ֜עַן תֵּשַׁ֤ם אַרְצָהּ֙ מִמְּלֹאָ֔הּ מֵחֲמַ֖ס כָּֽל־הַיֹּשְׁבִ֥ים בָּֽהּ׃ [and say unto the people of the land: Thus saith the Lord GOD concerning the inhabitants of Jerusalem in the land of Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.245/) [They shall eat their bread with anxiety, and drink their water with appalment, that her land may be desolate from all that is therein, because of the violence of all them that dwell therein.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.246/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EZK:234 # text = וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֶל־עַ֣ם הָאָ֡רֶץ כֹּֽה־אָמַר֩ אֲדֹנָ֨י יְהוִ֜ה לְיוֹשְׁבֵ֤י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ אֶל־אַדְמַ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לַחְמָם֙ בִּדְאָגָ֣ה יֹאכֵ֔לוּ וּמֵֽימֵיהֶ֖ם בְּשִׁמָּמ֣וֹן יִשְׁתּ֑וּ לְמַ֜עַן תֵּשַׁ֤ם אַרְצָהּ֙ מִמְּלֹאָ֔הּ מֵחֲמַ֖ס כָּֽל־הַיֹּשְׁבִ֥ים בָּֽהּ׃ # verse = EZK.12.19 1-2 וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_12:19!1|MId=o260120190011|Strong=2050b 2 אָמַרְתָּ֣ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=you.will.say|Ref=EZK_12:19!1|MId=o260120190012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:260120180011;|Type=weqatal 3 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_12:19!2|MId=o260120190021|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 4 עַ֣ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=EZK_12:19!3|MId=o260120190031|Strong=5971 5-6 הָאָ֡רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EZK_12:19!4|MId=o260120190041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 אָ֡רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=EZK_12:19!4|MId=o260120190042|Strong=0776 7 כֹּֽה־ כֹּה ADV _ _ 8 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=EZK_12:19!5|MId=o260120190051|Strong=3541|SpaceAfter=No 8 אָמַר֩ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 ccomp _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=EZK_12:19!6|MId=o260120190061|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:260120190071;|Type=qatal 9-10 אֲדֹנָ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 אֲדֹנ אֲדֹנָי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ Gloss=Lord|Ref=EZK_12:19!7|MId=o260120190071|Strong=0136 10 ָ֨י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[the]|Ref=EZK_12:19!7|MId=o260120190072|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 11 יְהוִ֜ה יְהֹוִה PROPN _ _ 9 appos _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EZK_12:19!8|MId=o260120190081|Strong=3069 12-13 לְיוֹשְׁבֵ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=EZK_12:19!9|MId=o260120190091|Strong=3807a 13 יוֹשְׁבֵ֤י יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 8 advcl _ Gloss=the.inhabitants|Ref=EZK_12:19!9|MId=o260120190092|Strong=3427|Type=participle_active 14 יְרוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jerusalem|Ref=EZK_12:19!10|MId=o260120190101|Strong=3389 15 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=concerning|Ref=EZK_12:19!11|MId=o260120190111|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 16 אַדְמַ֣ת אֲדָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 nmod _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=EZK_12:19!12|MId=o260120190121|Strong=0127 17 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=EZK_12:19!13|MId=o260120190131|Strong=3478 18-19 לַחְמָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 לַחְמ לֶחֶם NOUN _ Number=Sing 22 obj _ Gloss=food|Ref=EZK_12:19!14|MId=o260120190141|Strong=3899 19 ָם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EZK_12:19!14|MId=o260120190142|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 20-21 בִּדְאָגָ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EZK_12:19!15|MId=o260120190151|Strong=0871a 21 דְאָגָ֣ה דְּאָגָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=anxiety|Ref=EZK_12:19!15|MId=o260120190152|Strong=1674 22 יֹאכֵ֔לוּ אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 8 ccomp _ Gloss=they.will.eat|Ref=EZK_12:19!16|MId=o260120190161|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:260120190092;A1:260120190141;|Type=yiqtol 23-25 וּמֵֽימֵיהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_12:19!17|MId=o260120190171|Strong=2050b 24 מֵֽימֵי מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 28 obj _ Gloss=water|Ref=EZK_12:19!17|MId=o260120190172|Strong=4325 25 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EZK_12:19!17|MId=o260120190173|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 26-27 בְּשִׁמָּמ֣וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EZK_12:19!18|MId=o260120190181|Strong=0871a 27 שִׁמָּמ֣וֹן שִׁמָּמוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 obl _ Gloss=horror|Ref=EZK_12:19!18|MId=o260120190182|Strong=8078 28 יִשְׁתּ֑וּ שָׁתָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 22 conj _ Gloss=they.will.drink|Ref=EZK_12:19!19|MId=o260120190191|Strong=8354|Frame=A0:260120190092;A1:260120190172;|Type=yiqtol 29 לְמַ֜עַן לְמַעַן SCONJ _ _ 30 mark _ Gloss=so.that|Ref=EZK_12:19!20|MId=o260120190201|Strong=4616 30 תֵּשַׁ֤ם יָשַׁם VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 22 parataxis _ Gloss=it.may.be.desolate|Ref=EZK_12:19!21|MId=o260120190211|Strong=8074|Frame=A0:260120190221;|Type=yiqtol 31-32 אַרְצָהּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 אַרְצ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ Gloss=land|Ref=EZK_12:19!22|MId=o260120190221|Strong=0776 32 ָהּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=EZK_12:19!22|MId=o260120190222|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 33-35 מִמְּלֹאָ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EZK_12:19!23|MId=o260120190231|Strong=4480 34 מְּלֹא מְלֹא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 obl _ Gloss=fullness|Ref=EZK_12:19!23|MId=o260120190232|Strong=4393 35 ָ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=EZK_12:19!23|MId=o260120190233|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 36-37 מֵחֲמַ֖ס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EZK_12:19!24|MId=o260120190241|Strong=4480 37 חֲמַ֖ס חָמָס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 obl _ Gloss=the.violence|Ref=EZK_12:19!24|MId=o260120190242|Strong=2555 38 כָּֽל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 37 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.all|Ref=EZK_12:19!25|MId=o260120190251|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 39-40 הַיֹּשְׁבִ֥ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 40 mark _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZK_12:19!26|MId=o260120190261|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 40 יֹּשְׁבִ֥ים יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 38 compound:smixut _ Gloss=inhabitants|Ref=EZK_12:19!26|MId=o260120190262|Strong=3427|Type=participle_active 41-42 בָּֽהּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EZK_12:19!27|MId=o260120190271|Strong=0871a 42 ָֽהּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=EZK_12:19!27|MId=o260120190272|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 43 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 42 punct _ Ref=EZK_12:19!27 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָמַרְתָּ *you will say* | weqatal · qal | | | | | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | אֲדֹנ *Lord* | | | | | יֹאכֵלוּ *they will eat* | yiqtol · qal | יוֹשְׁבֵי *the inhabitants* | לַחְמ *food* | | | | יִשְׁתּוּ *they will drink* | yiqtol · qal | יוֹשְׁבֵי *the inhabitants* | מֵֽימֵי *water* | | | | תֵּשַׁם *it may be desolate* | yiqtol · qal | אַרְצ *land* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְתֵימַר לְעַמָא דְאַרְעָא כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ אֱלֹהִים לְיַתְבֵי יְרוּשְׁלֵם עַל אַרְעָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל מֵיכַלְהוֹן בְּזִיעַ יֵיכְלוּן וּמִשְׁתְּהוֹן בְּאִשְׁתְּמָמוּ יִשְׁתּוּן בְּדִיל דְתִצְדֵי אַרְעָא מִמְלוֹאָהּ מֵחֲטוֹף כָּל דְיַתְבִין בָּהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [and say unto the people of the land: Thus saith the Lord GOD concerning the inhabitants of Jerusalem in the land of Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.245/) 2. [They shall eat their bread with anxiety, and drink their water with appalment, that her land may be desolate from all that is therein, because of the violence of all them that dwell therein.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.246/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EZK:234`. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 12:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.12.18/) - next →: [Ezekiel 12:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.12.20/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/12/)