--- title: Ezekiel 12:20 — And the cities that are inhabited shall be laid waste, and the land… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the cities that are inhabited shall be laid waste, and the land shall be desolate; and ye shall know that I am the LORD.' Who acts: land, ye, I. Ezekiel 12:20 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.12.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/12/) / 12:20 # Ezekiel 12:20 יְחֶזְקֵאל **Who acts:** land, ye, I · **What happens:** inhabit, lay, be, know · **To what, where:** cities, LORD · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Ezekiel 12:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — land, ye, I — and what happens in the verse to cities, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 48 chapters of Ezekiel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהֶעָרִ֤ים הַנּֽוֹשָׁבוֹת֙ תֶּחֱרַ֔בְנָה וְהָאָ֖רֶץ שְׁמָמָ֣ה תִֽהְיֶ֑ה וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃פ [And the cities that are inhabited shall be laid waste, and the land shall be desolate; and ye shall know that I am the LORD.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.247/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EZK:235 # text = וְהֶעָרִ֤ים הַנּֽוֹשָׁבוֹת֙ תֶּחֱרַ֔בְנָה וְהָאָ֖רֶץ שְׁמָמָ֣ה תִֽהְיֶ֑ה וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃פ # verse = EZK.12.20 1-3 וְהֶעָרִ֤ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_12:20!1|MId=o260120200011|Strong=2050b 2 הֶ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZK_12:20!1|MId=o260120200012|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 עָרִ֤ים עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ Gloss=cities|Ref=EZK_12:20!1|MId=o260120200013|Strong=5892 4-5 הַנּֽוֹשָׁבוֹת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 5 mark _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EZK_12:20!2|MId=o260120200021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 נּֽוֹשָׁבוֹת֙ יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=inhabited|Ref=EZK_12:20!2|MId=o260120200022|Strong=3427|Frame=A1:260120200013;|Type=participle_passive 6 תֶּחֱרַ֔בְנָה חָרֵב VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.will.be.waste|Ref=EZK_12:20!3|MId=o260120200031|Strong=2717|Frame=A0:260120200013;|Type=yiqtol 7-9 וְהָאָ֖רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_12:20!4|MId=o260120200041|Strong=2050b 8 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZK_12:20!4|MId=o260120200042|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 אָ֖רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=land|Ref=EZK_12:20!4|MId=o260120200043|Strong=0776 10 שְׁמָמָ֣ה שְׁמָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=a.desolation|Ref=EZK_12:20!5|MId=o260120200051|Strong=8077 11 תִֽהְיֶ֑ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 10 cop _ Gloss=it.will.become|Ref=EZK_12:20!6|MId=o260120200061|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:260120200043;|Type=yiqtol 12-13 וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וִֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_12:20!7|MId=o260120200071|Strong=2050b 13 ידַעְתֶּ֖ם יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 6 conj _ Gloss=you.will.know|Ref=EZK_12:20!7|MId=o260120200072|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:260120190092;A1:260120200101;|Type=weqatal 14 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=EZK_12:20!8|MId=o260120200081|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 15 אֲנִ֥י אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=EZK_12:20!9|MId=o260120200091|Strong=0589|Type=personal 16 יְהוָֽה יהוה PROPN _ _ 13 ccomp _ Gloss=[am].Yahweh|Ref=EZK_12:20!10|MId=o260120200101|Strong=3068|SpaceAfter=No 17 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 16 punct _ Ref=EZK_12:20!10|SpaceAfter=No 18 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 16 punct _ Ref=EZK_12:20!10 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נּֽוֹשָׁבוֹת *inhabited* | participle passive · niphal | | עָרִים *cities* | | | | תֶּחֱרַבְנָה *they will be waste* | yiqtol · qal | עָרִים *cities* | | | | | תִֽהְיֶה *it will become* | yiqtol · qal | אָרֶץ *land* | | | | | ידַעְתֶּם *you will know* | weqatal · qal | | יְהוָֽה *\[am\] Yahweh* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְקִרְוַיָא דַהֲוָאָה יָתְבָן יֶחֱרְבָן וְאַרְעָא לְצָדוּ תְהֵי וְתִידְעוּן אֲרֵי אֲנָא יְיָ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the cities that are inhabited shall be laid waste, and the land shall be desolate; and ye shall know that I am the LORD.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.247/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EZK:235`. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 12:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.12.19/) - next →: [Ezekiel 12:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.12.21/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/12/)