--- title: Ezekiel 14:15 — If I cause evil beasts to pass through the land, and they bereave it… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: If I cause evil beasts to pass through the land, and they bereave it, and it be desolate, so that no man may pass through because of the beasts; Who acts: I, evil beasts, Noah, beast. Ezekiel 14:15 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.14.15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/14/) / 14:15 # Ezekiel 14:15 יְחֶזְקֵאל **Who acts:** I, evil beasts, Noah, beast, man · **What happens:** cause, pass, bereave, be, pass through · **To what, where:** land, beast This is Ezekiel 14:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, evil beasts, Noah, beast, man — and what happens in the verse to land, beast, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 48 chapters of Ezekiel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לֽוּ־חַיָּ֥ה רָעָ֛ה אַעֲבִ֥יר בָּאָ֖רֶץ וְשִׁכְּלָ֑תָּה וְהָיְתָ֤ה שְׁמָמָה֙ מִבְּלִ֣י עוֹבֵ֔ר מִפְּנֵ֖י הַחַיָּֽה׃ [If I cause evil beasts to pass through the land, and they bereave it, and it be desolate, so that no man may pass through because of the beasts;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.294/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EZK:281 # text = לֽוּ־חַיָּ֥ה רָעָ֛ה אַעֲבִ֥יר בָּאָ֖רֶץ וְשִׁכְּלָ֑תָּה וְהָיְתָ֤ה שְׁמָמָה֙ מִבְּלִ֣י עוֹבֵ֔ר מִפְּנֵ֖י הַחַיָּֽה׃ # verse = EZK.14.15 1 לֽוּ־ לוּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=if|Ref=EZK_14:15!1|MId=o260140150011|Strong=3863|SpaceAfter=No 2 חַיָּ֥ה חַיָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 obj _ Gloss=animal[s]|Ref=EZK_14:15!2|MId=o260140150021|Strong=2416c 3 רָעָ֛ה רַע ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 amod _ Gloss=wild|Ref=EZK_14:15!3|MId=o260140150031|Strong=7451|Type=adjective 4 אַעֲבִ֥יר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.will.cause.to.pass|Ref=EZK_14:15!4|MId=o260140150041|Strong=5674|Frame=AA:260140140151;A0:260140150021;|Type=yiqtol 5-7 בָּאָ֖רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EZK_14:15!5|MId=o260140150051|Strong=0871a 6 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZK_14:15!5|MId=o260140150051ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 אָ֖רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 obl _ Gloss=land|Ref=EZK_14:15!5|MId=o260140150052|Strong=0776 8-10 וְשִׁכְּלָ֑תָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_14:15!6|MId=o260140150061|Strong=2050b 9 שִׁכְּלָ֑תּ שָׁכֹל VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=it|Ref=EZK_14:15!6|MId=o260140150062|Strong=7921|Frame=A0:260140150021;A1:260140150063;|Type=weqatal 10 ָה הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 obj _ Gloss=will.make.it.childless|Ref=EZK_14:15!6|MId=o260140150063|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 11-12 וְהָיְתָ֤ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_14:15!7|MId=o260140150071|Strong=2050b 12 הָיְתָ֤ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 13 cop _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=EZK_14:15!7|MId=o260140150072|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:260140150053;|Type=weqatal 13 שְׁמָמָה֙ שְׁמָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 conj _ Gloss=a.desolation|Ref=EZK_14:15!8|MId=o260140150081|Strong=8077 14-15 מִבְּלִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EZK_14:15!9|MId=o260140150091|Strong=4480 15 בְּלִ֣י בְּלִי ADV _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 obl _ Gloss=not|Ref=EZK_14:15!9|MId=o260140150092|Strong=1097 16 עוֹבֵ֔ר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ Gloss=[one.who].passes.by|Ref=EZK_14:15!10|MId=o260140150101|Strong=5674|Type=participle_active 17-18 מִפְּנֵ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=because|Ref=EZK_14:15!11|MId=o260140150111|Strong=4480 18 פְּנֵ֖י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 15 obl _ Gloss=of|Ref=EZK_14:15!11|MId=o260140150112|Strong=6440 19-20 הַחַיָּֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZK_14:15!12|MId=o260140150121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 חַיָּֽה חַיָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=animal[s]|Ref=EZK_14:15!12|MId=o260140150122|Strong=2416c 21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=EZK_14:15!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אַעֲבִיר *I will cause to pass* | yiqtol · hiphil | חַיָּה *animal\[s\]* | | | | | שִׁכְּלָתּ *it* | weqatal · piel | חַיָּה *animal\[s\]* | ָה *will make it childless* | | | | הָיְתָה *it will be* | weqatal · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אִילוּ חַיְתָא בִישְׁתָא אַעְבֵּיד בְּאַרְעָא וְתִתְכְּלִינָהּ וּתְהֵי לְצָדוּ מִבְּלִי עָדֵי מִן קֳדָם חַיְתָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [If I cause evil beasts to pass through the land, and they bereave it, and it be desolate, so that no man may pass through because of the beasts;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.294/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EZK:281`. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 14:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.14.14/) - next →: [Ezekiel 14:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.14.16/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/14/)