--- title: Ezekiel 16:4 — And as for thy nativity, in the day thou wast born thy navel was not… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And as for thy nativity, in the day thou wast born thy navel was not cut, neither wast thou washed in water for cleansing; thou was not salted at all, nor swaddled at all. Who acts: day. Ezekiel 16:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.16.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/16/) / 16:4 # Ezekiel 16:4 יְחֶזְקֵאל **Who acts:** day · **What happens:** bear, not cut, wash, not salt, swaddle · **To what, where:** thou, navel, water, all This is Ezekiel 16:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — day — and what happens in the verse to thou, navel, water, all, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 48 chapters of Ezekiel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּמוֹלְדוֹתַ֗יִךְ בְּי֨וֹם הוּלֶּ֤דֶת אֹתָךְ֙ לֹֽא־כָרַּ֣ת שָׁרֵּ֔ךְ וּבְמַ֥יִם לֹֽא־רֻחַ֖צְתְּ לְמִשְׁעִ֑י וְהָמְלֵ֙חַ֙ לֹ֣א הֻמְלַ֔חַתְּ וְהָחְתֵּ֖ל לֹ֥א חֻתָּֽלְתְּ׃ [And as for thy nativity, in the day thou wast born thy navel was not cut, neither wast thou washed in water for cleansing; thou was not salted at all, nor swaddled at all.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.314/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EZK:301 # text = וּמוֹלְדוֹתַ֗יִךְ בְּי֨וֹם הוּלֶּ֤דֶת אֹתָךְ֙ לֹֽא־כָרַּ֣ת שָׁרֵּ֔ךְ וּבְמַ֥יִם לֹֽא־רֻחַ֖צְתְּ לְמִשְׁעִ֑י וְהָמְלֵ֙חַ֙ לֹ֣א הֻמְלַ֔חַתְּ וְהָחְתֵּ֖ל לֹ֥א חֻתָּֽלְתְּ׃ # verse = EZK.16.4 1-3 וּמוֹלְדוֹתַ֗יִךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_16:4!1|MId=o260160040011|Strong=2050b 2 מוֹלְדוֹתַ֗י מוֹלֶדֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 10 dislocated _ Gloss=birth(s)|Ref=EZK_16:4!1|MId=o260160040012|Strong=4138 3 ִךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=EZK_16:4!1|MId=o260160040013|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 4-5 בְּי֨וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EZK_16:4!2|MId=o260160040021|Strong=0871a 5 י֨וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=the.day|Ref=EZK_16:4!2|MId=o260160040022|Strong=3117 6 הוּלֶּ֤דֶת יָלַד VERB _ HebBinyan=HOPHAL 5 acl _ Gloss=were.born|Ref=EZK_16:4!3|MId=o260160040031|Strong=3205|Frame=A1:260160040042;|Type=infinitive_construct 7-8 אֹתָךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=|Ref=EZK_16:4!4|MId=o260160040041|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 8 ָךְ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=EZK_16:4!4|MId=o260160040042|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 9 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 10 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EZK_16:4!5|MId=o260160040051|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 10 כָרַּ֣ת כָּרַת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PUAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was.cut.off|Ref=EZK_16:4!6|MId=o260160040061|Strong=3772|Frame=A1:260160040071;|Type=qatal 11-12 שָׁרֵּ֔ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 שָׁרּ שֹׁר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=cord|Ref=EZK_16:4!7|MId=o260160040071|Strong=8270 12 ֵ֔ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your.umbilical|Ref=EZK_16:4!7|MId=o260160040072|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 13-15 וּבְמַ֥יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_16:4!8|MId=o260160040081|Strong=2050b 14 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=EZK_16:4!8|MId=o260160040082|Strong=0871a 15 מַ֥יִם מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 obl _ Gloss=water|Ref=EZK_16:4!8|MId=o260160040083|Strong=4325 16 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 17 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EZK_16:4!9|MId=o260160040091|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 17 רֻחַ֖צְתְּ רָחַץ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PUAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 10 conj _ Gloss=you.were.washed|Ref=EZK_16:4!10|MId=o260160040101|Strong=7364|Frame=A1:260160030062;|Type=qatal 18-19 לְמִשְׁעִ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=EZK_16:4!11|MId=o260160040111|Strong=3807a 19 מִשְׁעִ֑י מִשְׁעִי NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 obl _ Gloss=cleansing|Ref=EZK_16:4!11|MId=o260160040112|Strong=4935 20-21 וְהָמְלֵ֙חַ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_16:4!12|MId=o260160040121|Strong=2050b 21 הָמְלֵ֙חַ֙ מָלַח VERB _ HebBinyan=HOPHAL 23 obl:npmod _ Gloss=at.all.(be.salted)|Ref=EZK_16:4!12|MId=o260160040122|Strong=4414a|Type=infinitive_absolute 22 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 23 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EZK_16:4!13|MId=o260160040131|Strong=3808|Type=negative 23 הֻמְלַ֔חַתְּ מָלַח VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HOPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 10 conj _ Gloss=you.were.rubbed.with.salt|Ref=EZK_16:4!14|MId=o260160040141|Strong=4414a|Frame=A1:260160030062;|Type=qatal 24-25 וְהָחְתֵּ֖ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_16:4!15|MId=o260160040151|Strong=2050b 25 הָחְתֵּ֖ל חָתַל VERB _ HebBinyan=HOPHAL 27 obl:npmod _ Gloss=at.all.(be.wrapped)|Ref=EZK_16:4!15|MId=o260160040152|Strong=2853|Type=infinitive_absolute 26 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 27 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EZK_16:4!16|MId=o260160040161|Strong=3808|Type=negative 27 חֻתָּֽלְתְּ חָתַל VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PUAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 10 conj _ Gloss=you.were.wrapped|Ref=EZK_16:4!17|MId=o260160040171|Strong=2853|Frame=A1:260160030062;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=EZK_16:4!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הוּלֶּדֶת *were born* | infinitive construct · hophal | | ָךְ *you* | | | | **not** כָרַּת *it was cut off* | qatal · pual | | שָׁרּ *cord* | | | | **not** רֻחַצְתְּ *you were washed* | qatal · pual | | | | | | **not** הֻמְלַחַתְּ *you were rubbed with salt* | qatal · hophal | | | | | | **not** חֻתָּֽלְתְּ *you were wrapped* | qatal · pual | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאַף כַּד נְחָתוּ אֲבָהַתְכוֹן לְמִצְרַיִם תּוֹתָבִין בְּאַרְעָא דְלָא דִילְהוֹן מְשַׁעְבְּדִין וּמְעַנַן לְהוֹן הֲוַת כְּנִשְׁתָּא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל דַמְיָא לְוַלְדָא דִי רְטִישׁ עַל אַפֵּי בָרָא דְלָא אִתְפְּסַק שׁוֹרֵיהּ וּבְמַיָא לָא אִשְׁתְּטִיף לְאִתְנַקָאָה וּבִמְלַח לָא אִתְמְלַח וּבְאִיסוּרִין לָא אִתְאֲסָר: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And as for thy nativity, in the day thou wast born thy navel was not cut, neither wast thou washed in water for cleansing; thou was not salted at all, nor swaddled at all.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.314/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EZK:301`. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 16:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.16.3/) - next →: [Ezekiel 16:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.16.5/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/16/)