--- title: Ezekiel 16:45 — Thou art thy mother's daughter, that loatheth her husband and her ch… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Thou art thy mother's daughter, that loatheth her husband and her children; and thou art the sister of thy sisters, who loathed their husbands and their children; your mother was a Hittite, and your father an Amorite. Who acts: Thou, daughter, sister, mother. Ezekiel 16:45 in Hebrew with its depende --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.16.45/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/16/) / 16:45 # Ezekiel 16:45 יְחֶזְקֵאל **Who acts:** Thou, daughter, sister, mother · **What happens:** be, loathe · **To what, where:** daughter, husband, sister, husbands, Hittite This is Ezekiel 16:45 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Thou, daughter, sister, mother — and what happens in the verse to daughter, husband, sister, husbands, Hittite, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 48 chapters of Ezekiel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. בַּת־אִמֵּ֣ךְ אַ֔תְּ גֹּעֶ֥לֶת אִישָׁ֖הּ וּבָנֶ֑יהָ וַאֲח֨וֹת אֲחוֹתֵ֜ךְ אַ֗תְּ אֲשֶׁ֤ר גָּֽעֲ֙לוּ֙ אַנְשֵׁיהֶ֣ן וּבְנֵיהֶ֔ן אִמְּכֶ֣ן חִתִּ֔ית וַאֲבִיכֶ֖ן אֱמֹרִֽי׃ [Thou art thy mother's daughter, that loatheth her husband and her children; and thou art the sister of thy sisters, who loathed their husbands and their children; your mother was a Hittite, and your father an Amorite.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.357/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EZK:342 # text = בַּת־אִמֵּ֣ךְ אַ֔תְּ גֹּעֶ֥לֶת אִישָׁ֖הּ וּבָנֶ֑יהָ וַאֲח֨וֹת אֲחוֹתֵ֜ךְ אַ֗תְּ אֲשֶׁ֤ר גָּֽעֲ֙לוּ֙ אַנְשֵׁיהֶ֣ן וּבְנֵיהֶ֔ן אִמְּכֶ֣ן חִתִּ֔ית וַאֲבִיכֶ֖ן אֱמֹרִֽי׃ # verse = EZK.16.45 1 בַּת־ בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[are].the.daughter|Ref=EZK_16:45!1|MId=o260160450011|Strong=1323|SpaceAfter=No 2-3 אִמֵּ֣ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 אִמּ אֵם NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 1 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.mother|Ref=EZK_16:45!2|MId=o260160450021|Strong=0517 3 ֵ֣ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=EZK_16:45!2|MId=o260160450022|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 4 אַ֔תְּ אַתְּ PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 1 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=EZK_16:45!3|MId=o260160450031|Strong=0859b|Type=personal 5 גֹּעֶ֥לֶת גָּעַל VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 appos _ Gloss=[who].abhorred|Ref=EZK_16:45!4|MId=o260160450041|Strong=1602|Frame=A0:260160450021;A1:260160450051;260160450062;|Type=participle_active 6-7 אִישָׁ֖הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 אִישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=husband|Ref=EZK_16:45!5|MId=o260160450051|Strong=0376 7 ָ֖הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=EZK_16:45!5|MId=o260160450052|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 8-10 וּבָנֶ֑יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_16:45!6|MId=o260160450061|Strong=2050b 9 בָנֶ֑י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 conj _ Gloss=children|Ref=EZK_16:45!6|MId=o260160450062|Strong=1121 10 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=EZK_16:45!6|MId=o260160450063|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 11-12 וַאֲח֨וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and.[are]|Ref=EZK_16:45!7|MId=o260160450071|Strong=2050b 12 אֲח֨וֹת אָחוֹת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 1 conj _ Gloss=the.sister|Ref=EZK_16:45!7|MId=o260160450072|Strong=0269 13-14 אֲחוֹתֵ֜ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 אֲחוֹת אָחוֹת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.sister|Ref=EZK_16:45!8|MId=o260160450081|Strong=0269 14 ֵ֜ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=EZK_16:45!8|MId=o260160450082|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 15 אַ֗תְּ אַתְּ PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=EZK_16:45!9|MId=o260160450091|Strong=0859b|Type=personal 16 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 17 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=EZK_16:45!10|MId=o260160450101|Strong=0834|Type=relative 17 גָּֽעֲ֙לוּ֙ גָּעַל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 13 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.abhorred|Ref=EZK_16:45!11|MId=o260160450111|Strong=1602|Frame=A0:260160450081;A1:260160450121;260160450132;|Type=qatal 18-19 אַנְשֵׁיהֶ֣ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 אַנְשֵׁי אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 obj _ Gloss=husbands|Ref=EZK_16:45!12|MId=o260160450121|Strong=0376 19 הֶ֣ן הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EZK_16:45!12|MId=o260160450122|Strong=2004|Type=pronominal 20-22 וּבְנֵיהֶ֔ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_16:45!13|MId=o260160450131|Strong=2050b 21 בְנֵי בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 conj _ Gloss=children|Ref=EZK_16:45!13|MId=o260160450132|Strong=1121 22 הֶ֔ן הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EZK_16:45!13|MId=o260160450133|Strong=2004|Type=pronominal 23-24 אִמְּכֶ֣ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 אִמּ אֵם NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ Gloss=mother|Ref=EZK_16:45!14|MId=o260160450141|Strong=0517 24 ְכֶ֣ן הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=EZK_16:45!14|MId=o260160450142|Strong=3654a|Type=pronominal 25 חִתִּ֔ית חִתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 1 parataxis _ Gloss=[was].a.Hittite|Ref=EZK_16:45!15|MId=o260160450151|Strong=2850|Type=gentilic 26-28 וַאֲבִיכֶ֖ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_16:45!16|MId=o260160450161|Strong=2050b 27 אֲבִי אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ Gloss=father|Ref=EZK_16:45!16|MId=o260160450162|Strong=0001 28 כֶ֖ן הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=EZK_16:45!16|MId=o260160450163|Strong=3654a|Type=pronominal 29 אֱמֹרִֽי אֱמֹרִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 conj _ Gloss=[was].an.Amorite|Ref=EZK_16:45!17|MId=o260160450171|Strong=0567|Type=gentilic|SpaceAfter=No 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=EZK_16:45!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | גֹּעֶלֶת *\[who\] abhorred* | participle active · qal | אִמּ *your mother* | אִישׁ *husband* + בָנֶי *children* | | | | גָּֽעֲלוּ *they abhorred* | qatal · qal | אֲחוֹת *your sister* | אַנְשֵׁי *husbands* + בְנֵי *children* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} לְמָה הֲוֵית בְּרַתָּא לְאַרְעָא דִכְנַעַן לְמֶעֱבַּד כְּעוֹבָדֵי עַמָא דְאִיתְרַבּוּ אֲבָהָן עִם בְּנִין וַאֲחָתָא לִסְדוֹם וַעֲמוֹרָה דְאִישְׁתֵּיצֵי עִמְהוֹן אַבָהָן עִם בְּנִין הֲלָא אִמְכוֹן שָׂרָה בֵּינֵי חִתָּאֵי הֲוַת וְלָא עַבְדַת כְּעוֹבָדֵיהוֹן וַאֲבוּכוֹן אַבְרָהָם בֵּינֵי אֱמוֹרָאֵי וְלָא הֲלֵיךְ בְּעֵיצַתְהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Thou art thy mother's daughter, that loatheth her husband and her children; and thou art the sister of thy sisters, who loathed their husbands and their children; your mother was a Hittite, and your father an Amorite.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.357/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EZK:342`. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 16:44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.16.44/) - next →: [Ezekiel 16:46](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.16.46/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/16/)