--- title: Ezekiel 16:49 — Behold, this was the iniquity of thy sister Sodom: pride, fulness of… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Behold, this was the iniquity of thy sister Sodom: pride, fulness of bread, and careless ease was in her and in her daughters; neither did she strengthen the hand of the poor and needy. Who acts: this, careless ease, sister. Ezekiel 16:49 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.16.49/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/16/) / 16:49 # Ezekiel 16:49 יְחֶזְקֵאל **Who acts:** this, careless ease, sister · **What happens:** be, strengthen · **To what, where:** iniquity, hand This is Ezekiel 16:49 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — this, careless ease, sister — and what happens in the verse to iniquity, hand, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 48 chapters of Ezekiel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הִנֵּה־זֶ֣ה הָיָ֔ה עֲוֺ֖ן סְדֹ֣ם אֲחוֹתֵ֑ךְ גָּא֨וֹן שִׂבְעַת־לֶ֜חֶם וְשַׁלְוַ֣ת הַשְׁקֵ֗ט הָ֤יָה לָהּ֙ וְלִבְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ וְיַד־עָנִ֥י וְאֶבְי֖וֹן לֹ֥א הֶחֱזִֽיקָה׃ [Behold, this was the iniquity of thy sister Sodom: pride, fulness of bread, and careless ease was in her and in her daughters; neither did she strengthen the hand of the poor and needy.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.361/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EZK:346 # text = הִנֵּה־זֶ֣ה הָיָ֔ה עֲוֺ֖ן סְדֹ֣ם אֲחוֹתֵ֑ךְ גָּא֨וֹן שִׂבְעַת־לֶ֜חֶם וְשַׁלְוַ֣ת הַשְׁקֵ֗ט הָ֤יָה לָהּ֙ וְלִבְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ וְיַד־עָנִ֥י וְאֶבְי֖וֹן לֹ֥א הֶחֱזִֽיקָה׃ # verse = EZK.16.49 1 הִנֵּה־ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 2 discourse _ Gloss=here!|Ref=EZK_16:49!1|MId=o260160490011|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative|SpaceAfter=No 2 זֶ֣ה זֶה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 0 root _ Gloss=this|Ref=EZK_16:49!2|MId=o260160490021|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 3 הָיָ֔ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 cop _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=EZK_16:49!3|MId=o260160490031|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:260160490041;|Type=qatal 4 עֲוֺ֖ן עָוֺן NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=the.iniquity|Ref=EZK_16:49!4|MId=o260160490041|Strong=5771 5 סְדֹ֣ם סְדֹם PROPN _ _ 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Sodom|Ref=EZK_16:49!5|MId=o260160490051|Strong=5467 6-7 אֲחוֹתֵ֑ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 אֲחוֹת אָחוֹת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 appos _ Gloss=sister|Ref=EZK_16:49!6|MId=o260160490061|Strong=0269 7 ֵ֑ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=EZK_16:49!6|MId=o260160490062|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 8 גָּא֨וֹן גָּאוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ Gloss=pride|Ref=EZK_16:49!7|MId=o260160490071|Strong=1347 9 שִׂבְעַת־ שִׂבְעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 conj _ Gloss=surfeit|Ref=EZK_16:49!8|MId=o260160490081|Strong=7653|SpaceAfter=No 10 לֶ֜חֶם לֶחֶם NOUN _ Number=Sing 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.food|Ref=EZK_16:49!9|MId=o260160490091|Strong=3899 11-12 וְשַׁלְוַ֣ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_16:49!10|MId=o260160490101|Strong=2050b 12 שַׁלְוַ֣ת שַׁלְוָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 conj _ Gloss=security|Ref=EZK_16:49!10|MId=o260160490102|Strong=7962 13 הַשְׁקֵ֗ט שָׁקַט VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.quietness|Ref=EZK_16:49!11|MId=o260160490111|Strong=8252|Type=infinitive_absolute 14 הָ֤יָה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 16 cop _ Gloss=it.belonged|Ref=EZK_16:49!12|MId=o260160490121|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:260160490071;260160490081;260160490102;|Type=qatal 15-16 לָהּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 ל לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_16:49!13|MId=o260160490131|Strong=3807a 16 ָהּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 parataxis _ Gloss=her|Ref=EZK_16:49!13|MId=o260160490132|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 17-20 וְלִבְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_16:49!14|MId=o260160490141|Strong=2050b 18 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_16:49!14|MId=o260160490142|Strong=3807a 19 בְנוֹתֶ֔י בַּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 16 conj _ Gloss=daughters|Ref=EZK_16:49!14|MId=o260160490143|Strong=1323 20 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=EZK_16:49!14|MId=o260160490144|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 21-22 וְיַד־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and.[the]|Ref=EZK_16:49!15|MId=o260160490151|Strong=2050b 22 יַד־ יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 27 obj _ Gloss=hand|Ref=EZK_16:49!15|MId=o260160490152|Strong=3027 23 עָנִ֥י עָנִי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].poor|Ref=EZK_16:49!16|MId=o260160490161|Strong=6041|Type=adjective 24-25 וְאֶבְי֖וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and.[the]|Ref=EZK_16:49!17|MId=o260160490171|Strong=2050b 25 אֶבְי֖וֹן אֶבְיוֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 conj _ Gloss=needy|Ref=EZK_16:49!17|MId=o260160490172|Strong=0034|Type=adjective 26 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 27 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EZK_16:49!18|MId=o260160490181|Strong=3808|Type=negative 27 הֶחֱזִֽיקָה חָזַק VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.strengthened|Ref=EZK_16:49!19|MId=o260160490191|Strong=2388|Frame=AA:260160490051;A0:260160490152;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=EZK_16:49!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הָיָה *it was* | qatal · qal | עֲוֺן *the iniquity* | | | | | הָיָה *it belonged* | qatal · qal | גָּאוֹן *pride* + שִׂבְעַת־ *surfeit* + שַׁלְוַת *security* | | | | | **not** הֶחֱזִֽיקָה *she strengthened* | qatal · hiphil | יַד־ *hand* | | | סְדֹם *of Sodom* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} הָא דֵין הֲוָה חוֹב סְדוֹם אֲחָתִיךְ גַאוְתָנִין סָבְעִין לַחֲמָא וּשְׁלֵיוָא וּשְׁדוּכַיָא הֲוָה לָהּ וּלְכַפְרָנָהָא וְיַד מִסְכֵּן וַחֲשׁוֹךְ לָא אַתְקֵיפַת: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Behold, this was the iniquity of thy sister Sodom: pride, fulness of bread, and careless ease was in her and in her daughters; neither did she strengthen the hand of the poor and needy.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.361/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EZK:346`. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 16:48](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.16.48/) - next →: [Ezekiel 16:50](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.16.50/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/16/)