--- title: Ezekiel 16:8 — Now when I passed by thee, and looked upon thee, and, behold, thy ti… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now when I passed by thee, and looked upon thee, and, behold, thy time was the time of love, I spread my skirt over thee, and covered thy nakedness; yea, I swore unto thee, and entered into a covenant with thee, saith the Lord GOD, and thou becamest Mine. Who acts: I, time, Lord GOD, thou. Ezekiel 1 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.16.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/16/) / 16:8 # Ezekiel 16:8 יְחֶזְקֵאל **Who acts:** I, time, Lord GOD, thou · **What happens:** pass, look, be, spread, cover, swear · **To what, where:** time, skirt, thee, nakedness, covenant · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Ezekiel 16:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, time, Lord GOD, thou — and what happens in the verse to time, skirt, thee, nakedness, covenant, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 48 chapters of Ezekiel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וָאֶעֱבֹ֨ר עָלַ֜יִךְ וָאֶרְאֵ֗ךְ וְהִנֵּ֤ה עִתֵּךְ֙ עֵ֣ת דֹּדִ֔ים וָאֶפְרֹ֤שׂ כְּנָפִי֙ עָלַ֔יִךְ וָאֲכַסֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתֵ֑ךְ וָאֶשָּׁ֣בַֽע לָ֠ךְ וָאָב֨וֹא בִבְרִ֜ית אֹתָ֗ךְ נְאֻ֛ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה וַתִּ֥הְיִי לִֽי׃ [Now when I passed by thee, and looked upon thee, and, behold, thy time was the time of love, I spread my skirt over thee, and covered thy nakedness; yea, I swore unto thee, and entered into a covenant with thee, saith the Lord GOD, and thou becamest Mine.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.319/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EZK:305 # text = וָאֶעֱבֹ֨ר עָלַ֜יִךְ וָאֶרְאֵ֗ךְ וְהִנֵּ֤ה עִתֵּךְ֙ עֵ֣ת דֹּדִ֔ים וָאֶפְרֹ֤שׂ כְּנָפִי֙ עָלַ֔יִךְ וָאֲכַסֶּ֖ה עֶרְוָתֵ֑ךְ וָאֶשָּׁ֣בַֽע לָ֠ךְ וָאָב֨וֹא בִבְרִ֜ית אֹתָ֗ךְ נְאֻ֛ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה וַתִּ֥הְיִי לִֽי׃ # verse = EZK.16.8 1-2 וָאֶעֱבֹ֨ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_16:8!1|MId=o260160080011|Strong=2050b 2 אֶעֱבֹ֨ר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.passed.by|Ref=EZK_16:8!1|MId=o260160080012|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:260160030041;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 עָלַ֜יִךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 עָלַ֜י עַל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=EZK_16:8!2|MId=o260160080021|Strong=5921 4 ִךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=EZK_16:8!2|MId=o260160080022|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 5-7 וָאֶרְאֵ֗ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_16:8!3|MId=o260160080031|Strong=2050b 6 אֶרְא רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I|Ref=EZK_16:8!3|MId=o260160080032|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:260160030041;A1:260160080033;|Type=wayyiqtol 7 ֵ֗ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 6 obj _ Gloss=saw.you|Ref=EZK_16:8!3|MId=o260160080033|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 8-9 וְהִנֵּ֤ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_16:8!4|MId=o260160080041|Strong=2050b 9 הִנֵּ֤ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 12 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=EZK_16:8!4|MId=o260160080042|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 10-11 עִתֵּךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 עִתּ עֵת NOUN _ Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=time|Ref=EZK_16:8!5|MId=o260160080051|Strong=6256 11 ֵךְ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=EZK_16:8!5|MId=o260160080052|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 12 עֵ֣ת עֵת NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=[was].a.time|Ref=EZK_16:8!6|MId=o260160080061|Strong=6256 13 דֹּדִ֔ים דּוֹד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.love(s)|Ref=EZK_16:8!7|MId=o260160080071|Strong=1730 14-15 וָאֶפְרֹ֤שׂ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_16:8!8|MId=o260160080081|Strong=2050b 15 אֶפְרֹ֤שׂ פָּרַשׂ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I.spread.out|Ref=EZK_16:8!8|MId=o260160080082|Strong=6566|Frame=A0:260160030041;A1:260160080091;|Type=wayyiqtol 16-17 כְּנָפִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 כְּנָפ כָּנָף NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 obj _ Gloss=of.my.garment|Ref=EZK_16:8!9|MId=o260160080091|Strong=3671 17 ִי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=the.skirt|Ref=EZK_16:8!9|MId=o260160080092|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 18-19 עָלַ֔יִךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 עָלַ֔י עַל ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=EZK_16:8!10|MId=o260160080101|Strong=5921 19 ִךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 15 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=EZK_16:8!10|MId=o260160080102|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 20-21 וָאֲכַסֶּ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_16:8!11|MId=o260160080111|Strong=2050b 21 אֲכַסֶּ֖ה כָּסָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I.covered|Ref=EZK_16:8!11|MId=o260160080112|Strong=3680|Frame=A0:260160030041;A1:260160080121;|Type=wayyiqtol 22-23 עֶרְוָתֵ֑ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 עֶרְוָת עֶרְוָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 obj _ Gloss=nakedness|Ref=EZK_16:8!12|MId=o260160080121|Strong=6172 23 ֵ֑ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=EZK_16:8!12|MId=o260160080122|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 24-25 וָאֶשָּׁ֣בַֽע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_16:8!13|MId=o260160080131|Strong=2050b 25 אֶשָּׁ֣בַֽע שָׁבַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I.swore.an.oath|Ref=EZK_16:8!13|MId=o260160080132|Strong=7650|Frame=A0:260160030041;|Type=wayyiqtol 26-27 לָ֠ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 לָ֠ לְ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_16:8!14|MId=o260160080141|Strong=3807a 27 ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 25 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=EZK_16:8!14|MId=o260160080142|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 28-29 וָאָב֨וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_16:8!15|MId=o260160080151|Strong=2050b 29 אָב֨וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I.came|Ref=EZK_16:8!15|MId=o260160080152|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:260160030041;|Type=wayyiqtol 30-31 בִבְרִ֜ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 בִ בְּ ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EZK_16:8!16|MId=o260160080161|Strong=0871a 31 בְרִ֜ית בְּרִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 29 obl _ Gloss=a.covenant|Ref=EZK_16:8!16|MId=o260160080162|Strong=1285 32-33 אֹתָ֗ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=EZK_16:8!17|MId=o260160080171|Strong=0854|Type=direct_object_marker 33 ָ֗ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 29 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=EZK_16:8!17|MId=o260160080172|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 34 נְאֻ֛ם נְאֻם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=the.utterance|Ref=EZK_16:8!18|MId=o260160080181|Strong=5002 35-36 אֲדֹנָ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 אֲדֹנ אֲדֹנָי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 34 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Lord|Ref=EZK_16:8!19|MId=o260160080191|Strong=0136 36 ָ֥י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ Gloss=of.[the]|Ref=EZK_16:8!19|MId=o260160080192|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 37 יְהוִ֖ה יְהֹוִה PROPN _ _ 35 appos _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EZK_16:8!20|MId=o260160080201|Strong=3069 38-39 וַתִּ֥הְיִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 39 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_16:8!21|MId=o260160080211|Strong=2050b 39 תִּ֥הְיִי הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 conj _ Gloss=you.belonged|Ref=EZK_16:8!21|MId=o260160080212|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:260160030062;|Type=wayyiqtol 40-41 לִֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 ל לְ ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_16:8!22|MId=o260160080221|Strong=3807a 41 ִֽי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 39 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=EZK_16:8!22|MId=o260160080222|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 42 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 41 punct _ Ref=EZK_16:8!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֶעֱבֹר *I passed by* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | אֶרְא *I* | wayyiqtol · qal | | ֵךְ *saw you* | | | | אֶפְרֹשׂ *I spread out* | wayyiqtol · qal | | כְּנָפ *of my garment* | | | | אֲכַסֶּה *I covered* | wayyiqtol · piel | | עֶרְוָת *nakedness* | | | | אֶשָּׁבַֽע *I swore an oath* | wayyiqtol · niphal | | | | | | אָבוֹא *I came* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | תִּהְיִי *you belonged* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאִתְגְלֵיתִי עַל מֹשֶׁה בְּאַסְנָא אֲרֵי גְלֵי קֳדָמָי אֲרֵי מְטָא זְמַן פּוּרְקָנֵיכוֹן וְאַגְנֵית בְּמֵימְרִי עֲלֵיכוֹן וְאַעֲדֵיתִי חוֹבֵיכוֹן וְקַיֵמִית בְּמֵימְרִי לְמִפְרַק יַתְכוֹן כְּמָא דְקַיֵמֵית לַאֲבָהָתְכוֹן אֲמַר יְיָ אֱלֹהִים לְמֶהֱוֵיכוֹן עַם מְשַׁמֵשׁ קֳדָמַי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now when I passed by thee, and looked upon thee, and, behold, thy time was the time of love, I spread my skirt over thee, and covered thy nakedness; yea, I swore unto thee, and entered into a covenant with thee, saith the Lord GOD, and thou becamest Mine.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.319/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EZK:305`. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 16:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.16.7/) - next →: [Ezekiel 16:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.16.9/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/16/)