--- title: Ezekiel 18:12 — hath wronged the poor and needy, hath taken by robbery, hath not res… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: hath wronged the poor and needy, hath taken by robbery, hath not restored the pledge, and hath lifted up his eyes to the idols, hath committed abomination, Ezekiel 18:12 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.18.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/18/) / 18:12 # Ezekiel 18:12 יְחֶזְקֵאל **What happens:** wrong, take, not restore, lift up, commit · **To what, where:** poor, pledge, eyes, idols, abomination This is Ezekiel 18:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: what happens in the verse to poor, pledge, eyes, idols, abomination, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 48 chapters of Ezekiel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. עָנִ֤י וְאֶבְיוֹן֙ הוֹנָ֔ה גְּזֵל֣וֹת גָּזָ֔ל חֲבֹ֖ל לֹ֣א יָשִׁ֑יב וְאֶל־הַגִּלּוּלִים֙ נָשָׂ֣א עֵינָ֔יו תּוֹעֵבָ֖ה עָשָֽׂה׃ [hath wronged the poor and needy, hath taken by robbery, hath not restored the pledge, and hath lifted up his eyes to the idols, hath committed abomination,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.414/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EZK:396 # text = עָנִ֤י וְאֶבְיוֹן֙ הוֹנָ֔ה גְּזֵל֣וֹת גָּזָ֔ל חֲבֹ֖ל לֹ֣א יָשִׁ֑יב וְאֶל־הַגִּלּוּלִים֙ נָשָׂ֣א עֵינָ֔יו תּוֹעֵבָ֖ה עָשָֽׂה׃ # verse = EZK.18.12 1 עָנִ֤י עָנִי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 obj _ Gloss=[the].poor|Ref=EZK_18:12!1|MId=o260180120011|Strong=6041|Type=adjective 2-3 וְאֶבְיוֹן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and.[the]|Ref=EZK_18:12!2|MId=o260180120021|Strong=2050b 3 אֶבְיוֹן֙ אֶבְיוֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 conj _ Gloss=needy|Ref=EZK_18:12!2|MId=o260180120022|Strong=0034|Type=adjective 4 הוֹנָ֔ה יָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.has.oppressed|Ref=EZK_18:12!3|MId=o260180120031|Strong=3238|Frame=AA:260180100021;A0:260180120011;260180120022;|Type=qatal 5 גְּזֵל֣וֹת גְּזֵלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 6 obj _ Gloss=robberies|Ref=EZK_18:12!4|MId=o260180120041|Strong=1500 6 גָּזָ֔ל גָּזַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=he.has.robbed|Ref=EZK_18:12!5|MId=o260180120051|Strong=1497|Frame=A0:260180100021;A1:260180120041;|Type=qatal 7 חֲבֹ֖ל חֲבֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obj _ Gloss=a.pledge|Ref=EZK_18:12!6|MId=o260180120061|Strong=2258 8 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 9 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EZK_18:12!7|MId=o260180120071|Strong=3808|Type=negative 9 יָשִׁ֑יב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=he.returned|Ref=EZK_18:12!8|MId=o260180120081|Strong=7725|Frame=AA:260180100021;A0:260180120061;|Type=yiqtol 10-11 וְאֶל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_18:12!9|MId=o260180120091|Strong=2050b 11 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_18:12!9|MId=o260180120092|Strong=0413 12-13 הַגִּלּוּלִים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZK_18:12!10|MId=o260180120101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 גִּלּוּלִים֙ גִּלּוּלִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 obl _ Gloss=idols|Ref=EZK_18:12!10|MId=o260180120102|Strong=1544 14 נָשָׂ֣א נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=he.has.lifted.up|Ref=EZK_18:12!11|MId=o260180120111|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:260180100021;A1:260180120121;|Type=qatal 15-16 עֵינָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 עֵינָ֔י עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 14 obj _ Gloss=eyes|Ref=EZK_18:12!12|MId=o260180120121|Strong=5869 16 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EZK_18:12!12|MId=o260180120122|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 17 תּוֹעֵבָ֖ה תּוֹעֵבַה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 obj _ Gloss=abomination|Ref=EZK_18:12!13|MId=o260180120131|Strong=8441 18 עָשָֽׂה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=he.has.done|Ref=EZK_18:12!14|MId=o260180120141|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:260180100021;A1:260180120131;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 19 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 18 punct _ Ref=EZK_18:12!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הוֹנָה *he has oppressed* | qatal · hiphil | עָנִי *\[the\] poor* + אֶבְיוֹן *needy* | | | | | גָּזָל *he has robbed* | qatal · qal | | גְּזֵלוֹת *robberies* | | | | **not** יָשִׁיב *he returned* | yiqtol · hiphil | חֲבֹל *a pledge* | | | | | נָשָׂא *he has lifted up* | qatal · qal | | עֵינָי *eyes* | | | | עָשָֽׂה *he has done* | qatal · qal | | תּוֹעֵבָה *abomination* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} מִסְכֵּן וְחָשִׁיךְ אוֹנִי גְזֵילָא גְזַל מַשְׁכּוֹנָא לָא אֲתֵיב וּלְפוּלְחַן טַעֲוָתָא זְקַף עֵינוֹהִי תּוֹעֵיבָא עָבַד: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [hath wronged the poor and needy, hath taken by robbery, hath not restored the pledge, and hath lifted up his eyes to the idols, hath committed abomination,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.414/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EZK:396`. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 18:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.18.11/) - next →: [Ezekiel 18:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.18.13/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/18/)