--- title: Ezekiel 18:2 — 'What mean ye, that ye use this proverb in the land of Israel, sayin… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: 'What mean ye, that ye use this proverb in the land of Israel, saying: The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children's teeth are set on edge? Who acts: ye, fathers. Ezekiel 18:2 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.18.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/18/) / 18:2 # Ezekiel 18:2 יְחֶזְקֵאל **Who acts:** ye, fathers · **What happens:** mean, use, say, eat, set · **To what, where:** proverb, land, sour grapes, teeth, edge · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Ezekiel 18:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ye, fathers — and what happens in the verse to proverb, land, sour grapes, teeth, edge, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 48 chapters of Ezekiel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. מַה־לָּכֶ֗ם אַתֶּם֙ מֹֽשְׁלִים֙ אֶת־הַמָּשָׁ֣ל הַזֶּ֔ה עַל־אַדְמַ֥ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר אָבוֹת֙ יֹ֣אכְלוּ בֹ֔סֶר וְשִׁנֵּ֥י הַבָּנִ֖ים תִּקְהֶֽינָה׃ ['What mean ye, that ye use this proverb in the land of Israel, saying: The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children's teeth are set on edge?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.404/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EZK:386 # text = מַה־לָּכֶ֗ם אַתֶּם֙ מֹֽשְׁלִים֙ אֶת־הַמָּשָׁ֣ל הַזֶּ֔ה עַל־אַדְמַ֥ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר אָבוֹת֙ יֹ֣אכְלוּ בֹ֔סֶר וְשִׁנֵּ֥י הַבָּנִ֖ים תִּקְהֶֽינָה׃ # verse = EZK.18.2 1 מַה־ מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 3 nsubj _ Gloss=what?|Ref=EZK_18:2!1|MId=o260180020011|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative|SpaceAfter=No 2-3 לָּכֶ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 לּ לְ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=[is].to|Ref=EZK_18:2!2|MId=o260180020021|Strong=3807a 3 ָכֶ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 0 root _ Gloss=you|Ref=EZK_18:2!2|MId=o260180020022|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 4 אַתֶּם֙ אַתֶּם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=EZK_18:2!3|MId=o260180020031|Strong=0859a|Type=personal 5 מֹֽשְׁלִים֙ מָשַׁל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 3 parataxis _ Gloss=[are].speaking.a.proverb|Ref=EZK_18:2!4|MId=o260180020041|Strong=4911|Frame=A0:260180020031;A1:260180020062;|Type=participle_active 6 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EZK_18:2!5|MId=o260180020051|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 הַמָּשָׁ֣ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZK_18:2!6|MId=o260180020061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 מָּשָׁ֣ל מָשָׁל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obj _ Gloss=proverb|Ref=EZK_18:2!6|MId=o260180020062|Strong=4912 9-10 הַזֶּ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EZK_18:2!7|MId=o260180020071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 זֶּ֔ה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 8 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=EZK_18:2!7|MId=o260180020072|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 11 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EZK_18:2!8|MId=o260180020081|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 12 אַדְמַ֥ת אֲדָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=EZK_18:2!9|MId=o260180020091|Strong=0127 13 יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=EZK_18:2!10|MId=o260180020101|Strong=3478 14-15 לֵאמֹ֑ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 17 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=EZK_18:2!11|MId=o260180020111|Strong=3807a 15 אמֹ֑ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 14 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=EZK_18:2!11|MId=o260180020112|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:260010030061;260170120032;A1:260180020131;260180020171;|Type=infinitive_construct 16 אָבוֹת֙ אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ Gloss=parents|Ref=EZK_18:2!12|MId=o260180020121|Strong=0001 17 יֹ֣אכְלוּ אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 advcl _ Gloss=they.eat|Ref=EZK_18:2!13|MId=o260180020131|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:260180020121;A1:260180020141;|Type=yiqtol 18 בֹ֔סֶר בֹּסֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 obj _ Gloss=sour.grape[s]|Ref=EZK_18:2!14|MId=o260180020141|Strong=1155 19-20 וְשִׁנֵּ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_18:2!15|MId=o260180020151|Strong=2050b 20 שִׁנֵּ֥י שֵׁן NOUN _ Number=Dual 23 nsubj _ Gloss=the.teeth|Ref=EZK_18:2!15|MId=o260180020152|Strong=8127 21-22 הַבָּנִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EZK_18:2!16|MId=o260180020161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 בָּנִ֖ים בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.children|Ref=EZK_18:2!16|MId=o260180020162|Strong=1121 23 תִּקְהֶֽינָה קָהָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 17 conj _ Gloss=they.are.blunt|Ref=EZK_18:2!17|MId=o260180020171|Strong=6949|Frame=A0:260180020152;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=EZK_18:2!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מֹֽשְׁלִים *\[are\] speaking a proverb* | participle active · qal | אַתֶּם *you* | מָּשָׁל *proverb* | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | | יֹאכְלוּ *they eat* + תִּקְהֶֽינָה *they are blunt* | | | | יֹאכְלוּ *they eat* | yiqtol · qal | אָבוֹת *parents* | בֹסֶר *sour grape\[s\]* | | | | תִּקְהֶֽינָה *they are blunt* | yiqtol · qal | שִׁנֵּי *the teeth* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} מָה לְכוֹן דְאַתּוּן מַתְלִין יַת מַתְלָא הָדֵין עַל אַרְעָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל לְמֵימָר אֲבָהָתָא חָטָן וּבְנַיָא לְקָן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. ['What mean ye, that ye use this proverb in the land of Israel, saying: The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children's teeth are set on edge?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.404/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EZK:386`. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 18:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.18.1/) - next →: [Ezekiel 18:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.18.3/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/18/)