--- title: Ezekiel 20:28 — For when I had brought them into the land, which I lifted up My hand… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: For when I had brought them into the land, which I lifted up My hand to give unto them, then they saw every high hill, and every thick tree, and they offered there their sacrifices, and there they presented the provocation of their offering, there also they made their sweet savour, and there they po --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.20.28/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/20/) / 20:28 # Ezekiel 20:28 יְחֶזְקֵאל **Who acts:** I, ordinances · **What happens:** bring, lift up, give, see, offer, present · **To what, where:** ordinances, land, high hill, sacrifices, provocation, sweet savour This is Ezekiel 20:28 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, ordinances — and what happens in the verse to ordinances, land, high hill, sacrifices, provocation, sweet savour, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 48 chapters of Ezekiel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וָאֲבִיאֵם֙ אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָשָׂ֙אתִי֙ אֶת־יָדִ֔י לָתֵ֥ת אוֹתָ֖הּ לָהֶ֑ם וַיִּרְאוּ֩ כָל־גִּבְעָ֨ה רָמָ֜ה וְכָל־עֵ֣ץ עָבֹ֗ת וַיִּזְבְּחוּ־שָׁ֤ם אֶת־זִבְחֵיהֶם֙ וַיִּתְּנוּ־שָׁם֙ כַּ֣עַס קָרְבָּנָ֔ם וַיָּשִׂ֣ימוּ שָׁ֗ם רֵ֚יחַ נִיח֣וֹחֵיהֶ֔ם וַיַּסִּ֥יכוּ שָׁ֖ם אֶת־נִסְכֵּיהֶֽם׃ [For when I had brought them into the land, which I lifted up My hand to give unto them, then they saw every high hill, and every thick tree, and they offered there their sacrifices, and there they presented the provocation of their offering, there also they made their sweet savour, and there they poured out their drink-offerings.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.482/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EZK:458 # text = וָאֲבִיאֵם֙ אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָשָׂ֙אתִי֙ אֶת־יָדִ֔י לָתֵ֥ת אוֹתָ֖הּ לָהֶ֑ם וַיִּרְאוּ֩ כָל־גִּבְעָ֨ה רָמָ֜ה וְכָל־עֵ֣ץ עָבֹ֗ת וַיִּזְבְּחוּ־שָׁ֤ם אֶת־זִבְחֵיהֶם֙ וַיִּתְּנוּ־שָׁם֙ כַּ֣עַס קָרְבָּנָ֔ם וַיָּשִׂ֣ימוּ שָׁ֗ם רֵ֚יחַ נִיח֣וֹחֵיהֶ֔ם וַיַּסִּ֥יכוּ שָׁ֖ם אֶת־נִסְכֵּיהֶֽם׃ # verse = EZK.20.28 1-3 וָאֲבִיאֵם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_20:28!1|MId=o260200280011|Strong=2050b 2 אֲבִיא בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I|Ref=EZK_20:28!1|MId=o260200280012|Strong=0935|Frame=AA:260200270121;A0:260200280013;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 ֵם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obj _ Gloss=brought.them|Ref=EZK_20:28!1|MId=o260200280013|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 4 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=EZK_20:28!2|MId=o260200280021|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 5-6 הָאָ֔רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZK_20:28!3|MId=o260200280031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 אָ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=land|Ref=EZK_20:28!3|MId=o260200280032|Strong=0776 7 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=EZK_20:28!4|MId=o260200280041|Strong=0834|Type=relative 8 נָשָׂ֙אתִי֙ נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 6 acl:relcl _ Gloss=I.had.lifted.up|Ref=EZK_20:28!5|MId=o260200280051|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:260200270121;A1:260200280071;|Type=qatal 9 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EZK_20:28!6|MId=o260200280061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 10-11 יָדִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 8 obj _ Gloss=hand|Ref=EZK_20:28!7|MId=o260200280071|Strong=3027 11 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=EZK_20:28!7|MId=o260200280072|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 12-13 לָתֵ֥ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_20:28!8|MId=o260200280081|Strong=3807a 13 תֵ֥ת נָתַן VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 8 advcl _ Gloss=give|Ref=EZK_20:28!8|MId=o260200280082|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:260200270121;A1:260200280092;|Type=infinitive_construct 14-15 אוֹתָ֖הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 אוֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=|Ref=EZK_20:28!9|MId=o260200280091|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 15 ָ֖הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obj _ Gloss=it|Ref=EZK_20:28!9|MId=o260200280092|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 16-17 לָהֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 ל לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_20:28!10|MId=o260200280101|Strong=3807a 17 ָהֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=EZK_20:28!10|MId=o260200280102|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 18-19 וַיִּרְאוּ֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_20:28!11|MId=o260200280111|Strong=2050b 19 יִּרְאוּ֩ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.saw|Ref=EZK_20:28!11|MId=o260200280112|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:260200270181;A1:260200280131;260200280161;|Type=wayyiqtol 20 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obj _ Gloss=every|Ref=EZK_20:28!12|MId=o260200280121|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 21 גִּבְעָ֨ה גִּבְעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=hill|Ref=EZK_20:28!13|MId=o260200280131|Strong=1389 22 רָמָ֜ה רוּם VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 21 nmod _ Gloss=high|Ref=EZK_20:28!14|MId=o260200280141|Strong=7311|Type=participle_active 23-24 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_20:28!15|MId=o260200280151|Strong=2050b 24 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 conj _ Gloss=every|Ref=EZK_20:28!15|MId=o260200280152|Strong=3605 25 עֵ֣ץ עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=tree|Ref=EZK_20:28!16|MId=o260200280161|Strong=6086 26 עָבֹ֗ת עָבוֹת ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 amod _ Gloss=leafy|Ref=EZK_20:28!17|MId=o260200280171|Strong=5687|Type=adjective 27-28 וַיִּזְבְּחוּ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_20:28!18|MId=o260200280181|Strong=2050b 28 יִּזְבְּחוּ־ זָבַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.sacrificed|Ref=EZK_20:28!18|MId=o260200280182|Strong=2076|Frame=A0:260200270181;A1:260200280211;|Type=wayyiqtol 29 שָׁ֤ם שָׁם ADV _ _ 28 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=EZK_20:28!19|MId=o260200280191|Strong=8033 30 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EZK_20:28!20|MId=o260200280201|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 31-32 זִבְחֵיהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 זִבְחֵי זֶבַח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 28 obj _ Gloss=sacrifices|Ref=EZK_20:28!21|MId=o260200280211|Strong=2077 32 הֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EZK_20:28!21|MId=o260200280212|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 33-34 וַיִּתְּנוּ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_20:28!22|MId=o260200280221|Strong=2050b 34 יִּתְּנוּ־ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.presented|Ref=EZK_20:28!22|MId=o260200280222|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:260200270181;A1:260200280241;|Type=wayyiqtol 35 שָׁם֙ שָׁם ADV _ _ 34 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=EZK_20:28!23|MId=o260200280231|Strong=8033 36 כַּ֣עַס כַּעַס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 obj _ Gloss=the.provocation|Ref=EZK_20:28!24|MId=o260200280241|Strong=3708 37-38 קָרְבָּנָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 קָרְבָּנ קׇרְבָּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 36 compound:smixut _ Gloss=their.offering|Ref=EZK_20:28!25|MId=o260200280251|Strong=7133 38 ָ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EZK_20:28!25|MId=o260200280252|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 39-40 וַיָּשִׂ֣ימוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 40 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_20:28!26|MId=o260200280261|Strong=2050b 40 יָּשִׂ֣ימוּ שׂים VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.made|Ref=EZK_20:28!26|MId=o260200280262|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:260200270181;A1:260200280281;|Type=wayyiqtol 41 שָׁ֗ם שָׁם ADV _ _ 40 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=EZK_20:28!27|MId=o260200280271|Strong=8033 42 רֵ֚יחַ רֵיחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 40 obj _ Gloss=the.odor|Ref=EZK_20:28!28|MId=o260200280281|Strong=7381 43-44 נִיח֣וֹחֵיהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 נִיח֣וֹחֵי נִיחֹחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 42 compound:smixut _ Gloss=their.soothing|Ref=EZK_20:28!29|MId=o260200280291|Strong=5207 44 הֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EZK_20:28!29|MId=o260200280292|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 45-46 וַיַּסִּ֥יכוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 46 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_20:28!30|MId=o260200280301|Strong=2050b 46 יַּסִּ֥יכוּ נָסַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.poured.out|Ref=EZK_20:28!30|MId=o260200280302|Strong=5258|Frame=AA:260200270181;A0:260200280331;|Type=wayyiqtol 47 שָׁ֖ם שָׁם ADV _ _ 46 advmod _ Gloss=there|Ref=EZK_20:28!31|MId=o260200280311|Strong=8033 48 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 49 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EZK_20:28!32|MId=o260200280321|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 49-50 נִסְכֵּיהֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 נִסְכֵּי נֶסֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 46 obj _ Gloss=offerings|Ref=EZK_20:28!33|MId=o260200280331|Strong=5262 50 הֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 49 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their.drink|Ref=EZK_20:28!33|MId=o260200280332|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 51 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 50 punct _ Ref=EZK_20:28!33 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: speech with no frame - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֲבִיא *I* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | ֵם *brought them* | | | | | נָשָׂאתִי *I had lifted up* | qatal · qal | | יָד *hand* | | | | תֵת *give* | infinitive construct · qal | | ָהּ *it* | | | | יִּרְאוּ *they saw* | wayyiqtol · qal | | גִּבְעָה *hill* + עֵץ *tree* | | | | יִּזְבְּחוּ־ *they sacrificed* | wayyiqtol · qal | | זִבְחֵי *sacrifices* | | | | יִּתְּנוּ־ *they presented* | wayyiqtol · qal | | כַּעַס *the provocation* | | | | יָּשִׂימוּ *they made* | wayyiqtol · qal | | רֵיחַ *the odor* | | | | יַּסִּיכוּ *they poured out* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | נִסְכֵּי *offerings* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאָעֵילְתִּינוּן לְאַרְעָא דְקַיֵמִית בְּמֵימְרִי לְמִתַּן יָתָהּ לְהוֹן וַחֲזוֹ כָּל רָמָא מְנַטְלָא וְכָל אִילַן עַבּוּף וּנְכִיסוּ תַמָן אַרְגָזָא קוּרְבָּנֵיהוֹן וְשַׁוִיאוּ תַמָן פּוּלְחַן דִבְחֵיהוֹן וּנְסִיכוּ תַמָן יַת נִכְסֵיהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [For when I had brought them into the land, which I lifted up My hand to give unto them, then they saw every high hill, and every thick tree, and they offered there their sacrifices, and there they presented the provocation of their offering, there also they made their sweet savour, and there they poured out their drink-offerings.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.482/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EZK:458`. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 20:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.20.27/) - next →: [Ezekiel 20:29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.20.29/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/20/)