--- title: Ezekiel 21:3 — and say to the forest of the South: Hear the word of the LORD: Thus… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: and say to the forest of the South: Hear the word of the LORD: Thus saith the Lord GOD: Behold, I will kindle a fire in thee, and it shall devour every green tree in thee, and every dry tree, it shall not be quenched, even a flaming flame; and all faces from the south to the north shall be seared th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.21.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/21/) / 21:3 # Ezekiel 21:3 יְחֶזְקֵאל **Who acts:** you, I, word · **What happens:** say, hear, kindle, devour, not quench, flaming · **To what, where:** word, Lord GOD, fire, thee, green tree, faces · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Ezekiel 21:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, I, word — and what happens in the verse to word, Lord GOD, fire, thee, green tree, faces, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 48 chapters of Ezekiel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֙ לְיַ֣עַר הַנֶּ֔גֶב שְׁמַ֖ע דְּבַר־יְהוָ֑ה כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֡ה הִנְנִ֣י מַֽצִּית־בְּךָ֣ ׀ אֵ֡שׁ וְאָכְלָ֣ה בְךָ֣ כָל־עֵֽץ־לַח֩ וְכָל־עֵ֨ץ יָבֵ֤שׁ לֹֽא־תִכְבֶּה֙ לַהֶ֣בֶת שַׁלְהֶ֔בֶת וְנִצְרְבוּ־בָ֥הּ כָּל־פָּנִ֖ים מִנֶּ֥גֶב צָפֽוֹנָה׃ [and say to the forest of the South: Hear the word of the LORD: Thus saith the Lord GOD: Behold, I will kindle a fire in thee, and it shall devour every green tree in thee, and every dry tree, it shall not be quenched, even a flaming flame; and all faces from the south to the north shall be seared thereby.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.503/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EZK:477 # text = וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֙ לְיַ֣עַר הַנֶּ֔גֶב שְׁמַ֖ע דְּבַר־יְהוָ֑ה כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֡ה הִנְנִ֣י מַֽצִּית־בְּךָ֣ ׀ אֵ֡שׁ וְאָכְלָ֣ה בְךָ֣ כָל־עֵֽץ־לַח֩ וְכָל־עֵ֨ץ יָבֵ֤שׁ לֹֽא־תִכְבֶּה֙ לַהֶ֣בֶת שַׁלְהֶ֔בֶת וְנִצְרְבוּ־בָ֥הּ כָּל־פָּנִ֖ים מִנֶּ֥גֶב צָפֽוֹנָה׃ # verse = EZK.21.3 1-2 וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_21:3!1|MId=o260210030011|Strong=2050b 2 אָֽמַרְתָּ֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=you.will.say|Ref=EZK_21:3!1|MId=o260210030012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:260210020011;|Type=qatal 3-4 לְיַ֣עַר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_21:3!2|MId=o260210030021|Strong=3807a 4 יַ֣עַר יַעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.forest|Ref=EZK_21:3!2|MId=o260210030022|Strong=3293 5-6 הַנֶּ֔גֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EZK_21:3!3|MId=o260210030031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 נֶּ֔גֶב נֶגֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.south|Ref=EZK_21:3!3|MId=o260210030032|Strong=5045 7 שְׁמַ֖ע שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=hear|Ref=EZK_21:3!4|MId=o260210030041|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:260210030022;A1:260210030051;|Type=imperative 8 דְּבַר־ דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obj _ Gloss=the.word|Ref=EZK_21:3!5|MId=o260210030051|Strong=1697|SpaceAfter=No 9 יְהוָ֑ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=EZK_21:3!6|MId=o260210030061|Strong=3068 10 כֹּֽה־ כֹּה ADV _ _ 11 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=EZK_21:3!7|MId=o260210030071|Strong=3541|SpaceAfter=No 11 אָמַ֣ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 parataxis _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=EZK_21:3!8|MId=o260210030081|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:260210030091;|Type=qatal 12-13 אֲדֹנָ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 אֲדֹנ אֲדֹנָי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 nsubj _ Gloss=Lord|Ref=EZK_21:3!9|MId=o260210030091|Strong=0136 13 ָ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[the]|Ref=EZK_21:3!9|MId=o260210030092|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 14 יְהוִ֡ה יְהֹוִה PROPN _ _ 12 appos _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EZK_21:3!10|MId=o260210030101|Strong=3069 15-16 הִנְנִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הִנ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 17 nsubj _ Gloss=here|Ref=EZK_21:3!11|MId=o260210030111|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 16 ְנִ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=EZK_21:3!11|MId=o260210030112|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 17 מַֽצִּית־ יָצַת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 11 ccomp _ Gloss=[am].about.to.kindle|Ref=EZK_21:3!12|MId=o260210030121|Strong=3341|Frame=AA:260210030112;A0:260210030141;|Type=participle_active|SpaceAfter=No 18-19 בְּךָ֣ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EZK_21:3!13|MId=o260210030131|Strong=0871a 19 ְךָ֣ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=EZK_21:3!13|MId=o260210030132|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 20 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 19 punct _ Ref=EZK_21:3!13 21 אֵ֡שׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 17 obj _ Gloss=a.fire|Ref=EZK_21:3!14|MId=o260210030141|Strong=0784 22-23 וְאָכְלָ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_21:3!15|MId=o260210030151|Strong=2050b 23 אָכְלָ֣ה אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 17 conj _ Gloss=it.will.consume|Ref=EZK_21:3!15|MId=o260210030152|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:260210030141;A1:260210030181;260210030211;|Type=weqatal 24-25 בְךָ֣ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EZK_21:3!16|MId=o260210030161|Strong=0871a 25 ְךָ֣ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 23 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=EZK_21:3!16|MId=o260210030162|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 26 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obj _ Gloss=every|Ref=EZK_21:3!17|MId=o260210030171|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 27 עֵֽץ־ עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=tree|Ref=EZK_21:3!18|MId=o260210030181|Strong=6086|SpaceAfter=No 28 לַח֩ לַח ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 amod _ Gloss=moist|Ref=EZK_21:3!19|MId=o260210030191|Strong=3892|Type=adjective 29-30 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_21:3!20|MId=o260210030201|Strong=2050b 30 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 conj _ Gloss=every|Ref=EZK_21:3!20|MId=o260210030202|Strong=3605 31 עֵ֨ץ עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 compound:smixut _ Gloss=tree|Ref=EZK_21:3!21|MId=o260210030211|Strong=6086 32 יָבֵ֤שׁ יָבֵשׁ ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 amod _ Gloss=dry|Ref=EZK_21:3!22|MId=o260210030221|Strong=3002|Type=adjective 33 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 34 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EZK_21:3!23|MId=o260210030231|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 34 תִכְבֶּה֙ כָּבָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 17 parataxis _ Gloss=it.will.be.extinguished|Ref=EZK_21:3!24|MId=o260210030241|Strong=3518|Frame=A0:260210030251;|Type=yiqtol 35 לַהֶ֣בֶת לַהֶבֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].flame|Ref=EZK_21:3!25|MId=o260210030251|Strong=3852 36 שַׁלְהֶ֔בֶת שַׁלְהֶבֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 35 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.flame|Ref=EZK_21:3!26|MId=o260210030261|Strong=7957 37-38 וְנִצְרְבוּ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_21:3!27|MId=o260210030271|Strong=2050b 38 נִצְרְבוּ־ צָרַב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 17 conj _ Gloss=they.will.be.scorched|Ref=EZK_21:3!27|MId=o260210030272|Strong=6866|Frame=A1:260210030301;|Type=weqatal 39-40 בָ֥הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=EZK_21:3!28|MId=o260210030281|Strong=0871a 40 ָ֥הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=EZK_21:3!28|MId=o260210030282|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 41 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 38 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=EZK_21:3!29|MId=o260210030291|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 42 פָּנִ֖ים פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 41 compound:smixut _ Gloss=faces|Ref=EZK_21:3!30|MId=o260210030301|Strong=6440 43-44 מִנֶּ֥גֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 44 case _ Gloss=from.[the]|Ref=EZK_21:3!31|MId=o260210030311|Strong=4480 44 נֶּ֥גֶב נֶגֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 38 obl _ Gloss=south|Ref=EZK_21:3!31|MId=o260210030312|Strong=5045 45-46 צָפֽוֹנָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 צָפֽוֹנ צָפוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 44 conj _ Gloss=north|Ref=EZK_21:3!32|MId=o260210030321|Strong=6828 46 ָה ה X _ _ 45 nmod _ Gloss=to.[the]|Ref=EZK_21:3!32|MId=o260210030322|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 47 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 46 punct _ Ref=EZK_21:3!32 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָֽמַרְתָּ *you will say* | qatal · qal | | | | | | שְׁמַע *hear* | imperative · qal | יַעַר *the forest* | דְּבַר־ *the word* | | | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | אֲדֹנ *Lord* | | | | | מַֽצִּית־ *\[am\] about to kindle* | participle active · hiphil | אֵשׁ *a fire* | | | ְנִי *I* | | אָכְלָה *it will consume* | weqatal · qal | אֵשׁ *a fire* | עֵֽץ־ *tree* + עֵץ *tree* | | | | **not** תִכְבֶּה *it will be extinguished* | yiqtol · qal | לַהֶבֶת *\[the\] flame* | | | | | נִצְרְבוּ־ *they will be scorched* | weqatal · niphal | | פָּנִים *faces* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְתֵימַר לְחוּרְשָׁא דְדָרוֹמָא קַבֵּיל פִּתְגָמָא דַייָ כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ אֱלֹהִים הָא אֲנָא מַדְלִיק בָּךְ אֶשְׁתָּא וְתִקְטֵיל בָּךְ כָּל אִילַן יַבִּישׁ לָא תִטְפֵי לְשַׁלְהוֹבִיתָא דִמְשֵׁיצְיָא וְיִתְרַשְׁמוּן בָּהּ כָּל אַפַּיָא מִדְרוֹם לְצִפּוּנָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [and say to the forest of the South: Hear the word of the LORD: Thus saith the Lord GOD: Behold, I will kindle a fire in thee, and it shall devour every green tree in thee, and every dry tree, it shall not be quenched, even a flaming flame; and all faces from the south to the north shall be seared thereby.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.503/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EZK:477`. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 21:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.21.2/) - next →: [Ezekiel 21:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.21.4/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/21/)