--- title: Ezekiel 22:31 — Therefore have I poured out Mine indignation upon them; I have consu… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Therefore have I poured out Mine indignation upon them; I have consumed them with the fire of My wrath; their own way have I brought upon their heads, saith the Lord GOD.' Who acts: I, Lord GOD. Ezekiel 22:31 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every c --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.22.31/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/22/) / 22:31 # Ezekiel 22:31 יְחֶזְקֵאל **Who acts:** I, Lord GOD · **What happens:** pour out, consume, bring, say, fire · **To what, where:** indignation, people, own way, wrath · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Ezekiel 22:31 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, Lord GOD — and what happens in the verse to indignation, people, own way, wrath, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 48 chapters of Ezekiel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וָאֶשְׁפֹּ֤ךְ עֲלֵיהֶם֙ זַעְמִ֔י בְּאֵ֥שׁ עֶבְרָתִ֖י כִּלִּיתִ֑ים דַּרְכָּם֙ בְּרֹאשָׁ֣ם נָתַ֔תִּי נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהֹוִֽה׃פ [Therefore have I poured out Mine indignation upon them; I have consumed them with the fire of My wrath; their own way have I brought upon their heads, saith the Lord GOD.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.570/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EZK:542 # text = וָאֶשְׁפֹּ֤ךְ עֲלֵיהֶם֙ זַעְמִ֔י בְּאֵ֥שׁ עֶבְרָתִ֖י כִּלִּיתִ֑ים דַּרְכָּם֙ בְּרֹאשָׁ֣ם נָתַ֔תִּי נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהֹוִֽה׃פ # verse = EZK.22.31 1-2 וָאֶשְׁפֹּ֤ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_22:31!1|MId=o260220310011|Strong=2050b 2 אֶשְׁפֹּ֤ךְ שָׁפַךְ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.have.poured.out|Ref=EZK_22:31!1|MId=o260220310012|Strong=8210|Frame=A0:260220230031;A1:260220310031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 עֲלֵיהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 עֲלֵי עַל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EZK_22:31!2|MId=o260220310021|Strong=5921 4 הֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=EZK_22:31!2|MId=o260220310022|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 5-6 זַעְמִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 זַעְמ זַעַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=indignation|Ref=EZK_22:31!3|MId=o260220310031|Strong=2195 6 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=EZK_22:31!3|MId=o260220310032|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 7-8 בְּאֵ֥שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=EZK_22:31!4|MId=o260220310041|Strong=0871a 8 אֵ֥שׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=the.fire|Ref=EZK_22:31!4|MId=o260220310042|Strong=0784 9-10 עֶבְרָתִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 עֶבְרָת עֶבְרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=my.wrath|Ref=EZK_22:31!5|MId=o260220310051|Strong=5678 10 ִ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=EZK_22:31!5|MId=o260220310052|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 11-12 כִּלִּיתִ֑ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 כִּלִּיתִ֑י כָּלָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 parataxis _ Gloss=I|Ref=EZK_22:31!6|MId=o260220310061|Strong=3615|Frame=A0:260220230031;A1:260220310062;|Type=qatal 12 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ Gloss=have.made.an.end.of.them|Ref=EZK_22:31!6|MId=o260220310062|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 13-14 דַּרְכָּם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 דַּרְכּ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 18 obj _ Gloss=conduct|Ref=EZK_22:31!7|MId=o260220310071|Strong=1870 14 ָם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EZK_22:31!7|MId=o260220310072|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 15-17 בְּרֹאשָׁ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EZK_22:31!8|MId=o260220310081|Strong=0871a 16 רֹאשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=their.own|Ref=EZK_22:31!8|MId=o260220310082|Strong=7218 17 ָ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=head|Ref=EZK_22:31!8|MId=o260220310083|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 18 נָתַ֔תִּי נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 parataxis _ Gloss=I.have.requited|Ref=EZK_22:31!9|MId=o260220310091|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:260220230031;A1:260220310071;|Type=qatal 19 נְאֻ֖ם נְאֻם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=the.utterance|Ref=EZK_22:31!10|MId=o260220310101|Strong=5002 20-21 אֲדֹנָ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 אֲדֹנ אֲדֹנָי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Lord|Ref=EZK_22:31!11|MId=o260220310111|Strong=0136 21 ָ֥י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=of.[the]|Ref=EZK_22:31!11|MId=o260220310112|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 22 יְהֹוִֽה יְהֹוִה PROPN _ _ 20 appos _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EZK_22:31!12|MId=o260220310121|Strong=3069|SpaceAfter=No 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=EZK_22:31!12|SpaceAfter=No 24 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=EZK_22:31!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֶשְׁפֹּךְ *I have poured out* | wayyiqtol · qal | | זַעְמ *indignation* | | | | כִּלִּיתִי *I* | qatal · piel | | ם *have made an end of them* | | | | נָתַתִּי *I have requited* | qatal · qal | | דַּרְכּ *conduct* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּשְׁפִיכֵית עֲלֵיהוֹן חֵימְתִי בְּאֶשַׁת פּוּרְעָנוּתִי שֵׁיצִיתִינוּן פּוּרְעֲנוּת אוֹרְחֵיהוֹן בְּרֵישֵׁיהוֹן יְהָבֵית אֲמַר יְיָ אֱלֹהִים: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Therefore have I poured out Mine indignation upon them; I have consumed them with the fire of My wrath; their own way have I brought upon their heads, saith the Lord GOD.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.570/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EZK:542`. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 22:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.22.30/) - next →: [Ezekiel 23:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.23.1/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/22/)