--- title: Ezekiel 22:4 — thou art become guilty in thy blood that thou hast shed, and art def… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: thou art become guilty in thy blood that thou hast shed, and art defiled in thine idols which thou hast made; and thou hast caused thy days to draw near, and art come even unto thy years; therefore have I made thee a reproach unto the nations, and a mocking to all the countries! Who acts: thou, I. E --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.22.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/22/) / 22:4 # Ezekiel 22:4 יְחֶזְקֵאל **Who acts:** thou, I · **What happens:** become, shed, defile, make, cause, draw · **To what, where:** blood, idols, thee This is Ezekiel 22:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — thou, I — and what happens in the verse to blood, idols, thee, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 48 chapters of Ezekiel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. בְּדָמֵ֨ךְ אֲשֶׁר־שָׁפַ֜כְתְּ אָשַׁ֗מְתְּ וּבְגִלּוּלַ֤יִךְ אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂית֙ טָמֵ֔את וַתַּקְרִ֣יבִי יָמַ֔יִךְ וַתָּב֖וֹא עַד־שְׁנוֹתָ֑יִךְ עַל־כֵּ֗ן נְתַתִּ֤יךְ חֶרְפָּה֙ לַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְקַלָּסָ֖ה לְכָל־הָאֲרָצֽוֹת׃ [thou art become guilty in thy blood that thou hast shed, and art defiled in thine idols which thou hast made; and thou hast caused thy days to draw near, and art come even unto thy years; therefore have I made thee a reproach unto the nations, and a mocking to all the countries!](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.542/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EZK:515 # text = בְּדָמֵ֨ךְ אֲשֶׁר־שָׁפַ֜כְתְּ אָשַׁ֗מְתְּ וּבְגִלּוּלַ֤יִךְ אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂית֙ טָמֵ֔את וַתַּקְרִ֣יבִי יָמַ֔יִךְ וַתָּב֖וֹא עַד־שְׁנוֹתָ֑יִךְ עַל־כֵּ֗ן נְתַתִּ֤יךְ חֶרְפָּה֙ לַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְקַלָּסָ֖ה לְכָל־הָאֲרָצֽוֹת׃ # verse = EZK.22.4 1-3 בְּדָמֵ֨ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=EZK_22:4!1|MId=o260220040011|Strong=0871a 2 דָמ דָּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=blood|Ref=EZK_22:4!1|MId=o260220040012|Strong=1818 3 ֵ֨ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=EZK_22:4!1|MId=o260220040013|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 4 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 5 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=EZK_22:4!2|MId=o260220040021|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 5 שָׁפַ֜כְתְּ שָׁפַךְ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.have.shed|Ref=EZK_22:4!3|MId=o260220040031|Strong=8210|Frame=A0:260220030061;A1:260220040012;|Type=qatal 6 אָשַׁ֗מְתְּ אָשַׁם VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=you.have.become.guilty|Ref=EZK_22:4!4|MId=o260220040041|Strong=0816|Frame=A0:260220030061;|Type=qatal 7-10 וּבְגִלּוּלַ֤יִךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_22:4!5|MId=o260220040051|Strong=2050b 8 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=EZK_22:4!5|MId=o260220040052|Strong=0871a 9 גִלּוּלַ֤י גִּלּוּלִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 obl _ Gloss=idols|Ref=EZK_22:4!5|MId=o260220040053|Strong=1544 10 ִךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=EZK_22:4!5|MId=o260220040054|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 11 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 12 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=EZK_22:4!6|MId=o260220040061|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 12 עָשִׂית֙ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 9 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.have.made|Ref=EZK_22:4!7|MId=o260220040071|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:260220030061;A1:260220040053;|Type=qatal 13 טָמֵ֔את טָמֵא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 6 conj _ Gloss=you.have.become.unclean|Ref=EZK_22:4!8|MId=o260220040081|Strong=2930|Frame=A0:260220030061;|Type=qatal 14-15 וַתַּקְרִ֣יבִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_22:4!9|MId=o260220040091|Strong=2050b 15 תַּקְרִ֣יבִי קָרַב VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 6 conj _ Gloss=you.have.brought.near|Ref=EZK_22:4!9|MId=o260220040092|Strong=7126|Frame=AA:260220030061;A0:260220040101;|Type=wayyiqtol 16-17 יָמַ֔יִךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 יָמַ֔י יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 obj _ Gloss=days|Ref=EZK_22:4!10|MId=o260220040101|Strong=3117 17 ִךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=EZK_22:4!10|MId=o260220040102|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 18-19 וַתָּב֖וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_22:4!11|MId=o260220040111|Strong=2050b 19 תָּב֖וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=you.[masc].have.come|Ref=EZK_22:4!11|MId=o260220040112|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:260220030061;|Type=wayyiqtol 20 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_22:4!12|MId=o260220040121|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 21-22 שְׁנוֹתָ֑יִךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 שְׁנוֹתָ֑י שָׁנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 19 obl _ Gloss=years|Ref=EZK_22:4!13|MId=o260220040131|Strong=8141 22 ִךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=EZK_22:4!13|MId=o260220040132|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 23 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=EZK_22:4!14|MId=o260220040141|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 24 כֵּ֗ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 6 conj _ Gloss=|Ref=EZK_22:4!15|MId=o260220040151|Strong=3651|Type=demonstrative 25-26 נְתַתִּ֤יךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 נְתַתִּ֤י נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 6 parataxis _ Gloss=I|Ref=EZK_22:4!16|MId=o260220040161|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:260220030041;A1:260220040162;|Type=qatal 26 ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 25 obj _ Gloss=have.made.you|Ref=EZK_22:4!16|MId=o260220040162|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 27 חֶרְפָּה֙ חֶרְפָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 25 xcomp _ Gloss=a.reproach|Ref=EZK_22:4!17|MId=o260220040171|Strong=2781 28-30 לַגּוֹיִ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_22:4!18|MId=o260220040181|Strong=3807a 29 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZK_22:4!18|MId=o260220040181ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 גּוֹיִ֔ם גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 25 obl _ Gloss=nations|Ref=EZK_22:4!18|MId=o260220040182|Strong=1471 31-32 וְקַלָּסָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_22:4!19|MId=o260220040191|Strong=2050b 32 קַלָּסָ֖ה קַלָּסָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 25 conj _ Gloss=derision|Ref=EZK_22:4!19|MId=o260220040192|Strong=7048 33-34 לְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_22:4!20|MId=o260220040201|Strong=3807a 34 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 32 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=EZK_22:4!20|MId=o260220040202|Strong=3605 35-36 הָאֲרָצֽוֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 36 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZK_22:4!21|MId=o260220040211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 36 אֲרָצֽוֹת אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Plur 34 compound:smixut _ Gloss=lands|Ref=EZK_22:4!21|MId=o260220040212|Strong=0776 37 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=EZK_22:4!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שָׁפַכְתְּ *you have shed* | qatal · qal | | דָמ *blood* | | | | אָשַׁמְתְּ *you have become guilty* | qatal · qal | | | | | | עָשִׂית *you have made* | qatal · qal | | גִלּוּלַי *idols* | | | | טָמֵאת *you have become unclean* | qatal · qal | | | | | | תַּקְרִיבִי *you have brought near* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | יָמַי *days* | | | | | תָּבוֹא *you \[masc\] have come* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | נְתַתִּי *I* | qatal · qal | | ךְ *have made you* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} בְּחוֹבַת דַם זַכַּאי דִאַשַׁדְתְּ חַבְתְּ וּבְּפוּלְחָן טַעֲוָתֵךְ דִפְלַחְתְּ אִסְתַּאַבְתְּ וְקָרֵיב יוֹם תַּבְרִיךְ וּמְטָא עִדַן בִּישְׁתִּיךְ עַל כֵּן יְהַבְתִּיךְ חִסוּדִין לְעַמְמַיָא וּלְעֵיב לְכָל מִדִינָתָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [thou art become guilty in thy blood that thou hast shed, and art defiled in thine idols which thou hast made; and thou hast caused thy days to draw near, and art come even unto thy years; therefore have I made thee a reproach unto the nations, and a mocking to all the countries!](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.542/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EZK:515`. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 22:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.22.3/) - next →: [Ezekiel 22:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.22.5/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/22/)