--- title: Ezekiel 23:45 — But righteous men, they shall judge them as adulteresses are judged,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But righteous men, they shall judge them as adulteresses are judged, and as women that shed blood are judged; because they are adulteresses, and blood is in their hands. Who acts: incense, women, blood. Ezekiel 23:45 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.23.45/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/23/) / 23:45 # Ezekiel 23:45 יְחֶזְקֵאל **Who acts:** incense, women, blood · **What happens:** judge, shed, be · **To what, where:** harlotries, adulteresses, blood, women, hands This is Ezekiel 23:45 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — incense, women, blood — and what happens in the verse to harlotries, adulteresses, blood, women, hands, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 48 chapters of Ezekiel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַאֲנָשִׁ֣ים צַדִּיקִ֗ם הֵ֚מָּה יִשְׁפְּט֣וּ אֽוֹתְהֶ֔ם מִשְׁפַּט֙ נֹֽאֲפ֔וֹת וּמִשְׁפַּ֖ט שֹׁפְכ֣וֹת דָּ֑ם כִּ֤י נֹֽאֲפֹת֙ הֵ֔נָּה וְדָ֖ם בִּֽידֵיהֶֽן׃ס [But righteous men, they shall judge them as adulteresses are judged, and as women that shed blood are judged; because they are adulteresses, and blood is in their hands.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.616/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EZK:587 # text = וַאֲנָשִׁ֣ים צַדִּיקִ֗ם הֵ֚מָּה יִשְׁפְּט֣וּ אֽוֹתְהֶ֔ם מִשְׁפַּט֙ נֹֽאֲפ֔וֹת וּמִשְׁפַּ֖ט שֹׁפְכ֣וֹת דָּ֑ם כִּ֤י נֹֽאֲפֹת֙ הֵ֔נָּה וְדָ֖ם בִּֽידֵיהֶֽן׃ס # verse = EZK.23.45 1-2 וַאֲנָשִׁ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_23:45!1|MId=o260230450011|Strong=2050b 2 אֲנָשִׁ֣ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 dislocated _ Gloss=people|Ref=EZK_23:45!1|MId=o260230450012|Strong=0376 3 צַדִּיקִ֗ם צַדִּיק ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 amod _ Gloss=righteous|Ref=EZK_23:45!2|MId=o260230450021|Strong=6662|Type=adjective 4 הֵ֚מָּה הֵמָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=EZK_23:45!3|MId=o260230450031|Strong=1992|Type=personal 5 יִשְׁפְּט֣וּ שָׁפַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.will.judge|Ref=EZK_23:45!4|MId=o260230450041|Strong=8199|Frame=A0:260230450031;A2:260230450052;A1:260230450061;260230450082;|Type=yiqtol 6-7 אֽוֹתְהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 אֽוֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=|Ref=EZK_23:45!5|MId=o260230450051|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 7 ְהֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=EZK_23:45!5|MId=o260230450052|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 8 מִשְׁפַּט֙ מִשְׁפָּט NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 xcomp _ Gloss=judgment|Ref=EZK_23:45!6|MId=o260230450061|Strong=4941 9 נֹֽאֲפ֔וֹת נָאַף VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.adulteresses|Ref=EZK_23:45!7|MId=o260230450071|Strong=5003|Type=participle_active 10-11 וּמִשְׁפַּ֖ט _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_23:45!8|MId=o260230450081|Strong=2050b 11 מִשְׁפַּ֖ט מִשְׁפָּט NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 conj _ Gloss=judgment|Ref=EZK_23:45!8|MId=o260230450082|Strong=4941 12 שֹׁפְכ֣וֹת שָׁפַךְ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[women.who].shed|Ref=EZK_23:45!9|MId=o260230450091|Strong=8210|Frame=A1:260230450101;|Type=participle_active 13 דָּ֑ם דָּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=(of).blood|Ref=EZK_23:45!10|MId=o260230450101|Strong=1818 14 כִּ֤י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=EZK_23:45!11|MId=o260230450111|Strong=3588 15 נֹֽאֲפֹת֙ נָאַף VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 5 advcl _ Gloss=[are].adulteresses|Ref=EZK_23:45!12|MId=o260230450121|Strong=5003|Frame=A0:260230440101;260230440121;|Type=participle_active 16 הֵ֔נָּה הֵנָּה PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=EZK_23:45!13|MId=o260230450131|Strong=2007|Type=personal 17-18 וְדָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_23:45!14|MId=o260230450141|Strong=2050b 18 דָ֖ם דָּם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=blood|Ref=EZK_23:45!14|MId=o260230450142|Strong=1818 19-21 בִּֽידֵיהֶֽן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 בִּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=[is].on|Ref=EZK_23:45!15|MId=o260230450151|Strong=0871a 20 ידֵי יָד NOUN _ Number=Dual 5 conj _ Gloss=hands|Ref=EZK_23:45!15|MId=o260230450152|Strong=3027 21 הֶֽן הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EZK_23:45!15|MId=o260230450153|Strong=2004|Type=pronominal 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=EZK_23:45!15|SpaceAfter=No 23 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=EZK_23:45!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִשְׁפְּטוּ *they will judge* | yiqtol · qal | הֵמָּה *they* | מִשְׁפַּט *judgment* + מִשְׁפַּט *judgment* | ְהֶם *them* | | | שֹׁפְכוֹת *of \[women who\] shed* | participle active · qal | | דָּם *(of) blood* | | | | נֹֽאֲפֹת *\[are\] adulteresses* | participle active · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְגַבְרִין זַכָּאִין בְּקִבְלֵיהוֹן יִתְפָּרְעוּן מִנְהֶן פּוּרְעֲנוּת נַיָפִין וּפוּרְעֲנוּת אַשְׁדַת דַם אֲרֵי זַנְאִין בְּהֶן וְדַם זַכַּאִי אֲשָׁדוּ בִּידֵיהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But righteous men, they shall judge them as adulteresses are judged, and as women that shed blood are judged; because they are adulteresses, and blood is in their hands.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.616/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EZK:587`. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 23:44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.23.44/) - next →: [Ezekiel 23:46](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.23.46/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/23/)