--- title: Ezekiel 25:12 — Thus saith the Lord GOD: Because that Edom hath dealt against the ho… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Thus saith the Lord GOD: Because that Edom hath dealt against the house of Judah by taking vengeance, and hath greatly offended, and revenged himself upon them; Who acts: Lord GOD, Edom. Ezekiel 25:12 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.25.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/25/) / 25:12 # Ezekiel 25:12 יְחֶזְקֵאל **Who acts:** Lord GOD, Edom · **What happens:** say, deal, take, offend, revenge · **To what, where:** vengeance, GOD · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Ezekiel 25:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Lord GOD, Edom — and what happens in the verse to vengeance, GOD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 48 chapters of Ezekiel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֣עַן עֲשׂ֥וֹת אֱד֛וֹם בִּנְקֹ֥ם נָקָ֖ם לְבֵ֣ית יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיֶּאְשְׁמ֥וּ אָשׁ֖וֹם וְנִקְּמ֥וּ בָהֶֽם׃ [Thus saith the Lord GOD: Because that Edom hath dealt against the house of Judah by taking vengeance, and hath greatly offended, and revenged himself upon them;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.660/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EZK:630 # text = כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֣עַן עֲשׂ֥וֹת אֱד֛וֹם בִּנְקֹ֥ם נָקָ֖ם לְבֵ֣ית יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיֶּאְשְׁמ֥וּ אָשׁ֖וֹם וְנִקְּמ֥וּ בָהֶֽם׃ # verse = EZK.25.12 1 כֹּ֤ה כֹּה ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=EZK_25:12!1|MId=o260250120011|Strong=3541 2 אָמַר֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=EZK_25:12!2|MId=o260250120021|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:260250120031;|Type=qatal 3-4 אֲדֹנָ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אֲדֹנ אֲדֹנָי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Lord|Ref=EZK_25:12!3|MId=o260250120031|Strong=0136 4 ָ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[the]|Ref=EZK_25:12!3|MId=o260250120032|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 5 יְהוִ֔ה יְהֹוִה PROPN _ _ 3 appos _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EZK_25:12!4|MId=o260250120041|Strong=3069 6 יַ֣עַן יַעַן ADV _ _ 2 ccomp _ Gloss=because|Ref=EZK_25:12!5|MId=o260250120051|Strong=3282 7 עֲשׂ֥וֹת עָשָׂה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 6 acl _ Gloss=acted|Ref=EZK_25:12!6|MId=o260250120061|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:260250120071;|Type=infinitive_construct 8 אֱד֛וֹם אֱדוֹם PROPN _ _ 7 nsubj _ Gloss=Edom|Ref=EZK_25:12!7|MId=o260250120071|Strong=0123 9-10 בִּנְקֹ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=EZK_25:12!8|MId=o260250120081|Strong=0871a 10 נְקֹ֥ם נָקַם VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 7 advcl _ Gloss=avenging.itself|Ref=EZK_25:12!8|MId=o260250120082|Strong=5358|Frame=A0:260250120071;A1:260250120091;|Type=infinitive_construct 11 נָקָ֖ם נָקָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obj _ Gloss=vengeance|Ref=EZK_25:12!9|MId=o260250120091|Strong=5359 12-13 לְבֵ֣ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_25:12!10|MId=o260250120101|Strong=3807a 13 בֵ֣ית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=the.house|Ref=EZK_25:12!10|MId=o260250120102|Strong=1004 14 יְהוּדָ֑ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=EZK_25:12!11|MId=o260250120111|Strong=3063 15-16 וַיֶּאְשְׁמ֥וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_25:12!12|MId=o260250120121|Strong=2050b 16 יֶּאְשְׁמ֥וּ אָשַׁם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 7 conj _ Gloss=they.have.become.guilty|Ref=EZK_25:12!12|MId=o260250120122|Strong=0816|Frame=A0:260250120071;|Type=wayyiqtol 17 אָשׁ֖וֹם אָשַׁם VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 16 obl:npmod _ Gloss=exceedingly.(be.guilty)|Ref=EZK_25:12!13|MId=o260250120131|Strong=0816|Type=infinitive_absolute 18-19 וְנִקְּמ֥וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_25:12!14|MId=o260250120141|Strong=2050b 19 נִקְּמ֥וּ נָקַם VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 7 conj _ Gloss=they.have.avenged.themselves|Ref=EZK_25:12!14|MId=o260250120142|Strong=5358|Frame=A0:260250120071;|Type=qatal 20-21 בָהֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EZK_25:12!15|MId=o260250120151|Strong=0871a 21 ָהֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=EZK_25:12!15|MId=o260250120152|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=EZK_25:12!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | אֲדֹנ *Lord* | | | | | עֲשׂוֹת *acted* | infinitive construct · qal | אֱדוֹם *Edom* | | | | | נְקֹם *avenging itself* | infinitive construct · qal | אֱדוֹם *Edom* | נָקָם *vengeance* | | | | יֶּאְשְׁמוּ *they have become guilty* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֱדוֹם *Edom* | | | | | נִקְּמוּ *they have avenged themselves* | qatal · niphal | אֱדוֹם *Edom* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ אֱלֹהִים חֲלַף דַעֲבַדוּ אֱדוֹמָאֵי בִּתְקוֹף פּוּרְעֲנוּת לְבֵית יְהוּדָה וְחָבוּ חוֹבָא וְאִתְפְּרָעוּ מִנְהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Thus saith the Lord GOD: Because that Edom hath dealt against the house of Judah by taking vengeance, and hath greatly offended, and revenged himself upon them;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.660/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EZK:630`. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 25:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.25.11/) - next →: [Ezekiel 25:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.25.13/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/25/)