--- title: Ezekiel 29:18 — 'Son of man, Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon caused his army to serve… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: 'Son of man, Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon caused his army to serve a great service against Tyre; every head was made bald, and every shoulder was peeled; yet had he no wages, nor his army, from Tyre, for the service that he had served against it; Who acts: Nebuchadrezzar king, army, king. Ezekiel --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.29.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/29/) / 29:18 # Ezekiel 29:18 יְחֶזְקֵאל **Who acts:** Nebuchadrezzar king, army, king · **What happens:** cause, serve, make, peel, have · **To what, where:** army, great service, head, shoulder, wages, Tyre This is Ezekiel 29:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Nebuchadrezzar king, army, king — and what happens in the verse to army, great service, head, shoulder, wages, Tyre, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 48 chapters of Ezekiel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. בֶּן־אָדָ֗ם נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֣ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּ֠בֶל הֶעֱבִ֨יד אֶת־חֵיל֜וֹ עֲבֹדָ֤ה גְדֹלָה֙ אֶל־צֹ֔ר כָּל־רֹ֣אשׁ מֻקְרָ֔ח וְכָל־כָּתֵ֖ף מְרוּטָ֑ה וְ֠שָׂכָר לֹא־הָ֨יָה ל֤וֹ וּלְחֵילוֹ֙ מִצֹּ֔ר עַל־הָעֲבֹדָ֖ה אֲשֶׁר־עָבַ֥ד עָלֶֽיהָ׃ס ['Son of man, Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon caused his army to serve a great service against Tyre; every head was made bald, and every shoulder was peeled; yet had he no wages, nor his army, from Tyre, for the service that he had served against it;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.767/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EZK:736 # text = בֶּן־אָדָ֗ם נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֣ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּ֠בֶל הֶעֱבִ֨יד אֶת־חֵיל֜וֹ עֲבֹדָ֤ה גְדֹלָה֙ אֶל־צֹ֔ר כָּל־רֹ֣אשׁ מֻקְרָ֔ח וְכָל־כָּתֵ֖ף מְרוּטָ֑ה וְ֠שָׂכָר לֹא־הָ֨יָה ל֤וֹ וּלְחֵילוֹ֙ מִצֹּ֔ר עַל־הָעֲבֹדָ֖ה אֲשֶׁר־עָבַ֥ד עָלֶֽיהָ׃ס # verse = EZK.29.18 1 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 dislocated _ Gloss=O.son|Ref=EZK_29:18!1|MId=o260290180011|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 2 אָדָ֗ם אָדָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.humankind|Ref=EZK_29:18!2|MId=o260290180021|Strong=0120 3 נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֣ר נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר PROPN _ _ 6 nsubj _ Gloss=Nebuchadnezzar|Ref=EZK_29:18!3|MId=o260290180031|Strong=5019 4 מֶֽלֶךְ־ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 appos _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=EZK_29:18!4|MId=o260290180041|Strong=4428|SpaceAfter=No 5 בָּ֠בֶל בָּבֶל PROPN _ _ 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Babylon|Ref=EZK_29:18!5|MId=o260290180051|Strong=0894 6 הֶעֱבִ֨יד עָבַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 16 parataxis _ Gloss=he.made.to.labor|Ref=EZK_29:18!6|MId=o260290180061|Strong=5647|Frame=AA:260290180031;A0:260290180081;A1:260290180091;|Type=qatal 7 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EZK_29:18!7|MId=o260290180071|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 חֵיל֜וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 חֵיל חַיִל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obj _ Gloss=army|Ref=EZK_29:18!8|MId=o260290180081|Strong=2428 9 ֜וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EZK_29:18!8|MId=o260290180082|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 10 עֲבֹדָ֤ה עֲבֹדָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 xcomp _ Gloss=labor|Ref=EZK_29:18!9|MId=o260290180091|Strong=5656 11 גְדֹלָה֙ גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=EZK_29:18!10|MId=o260290180101|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 12 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=EZK_29:18!11|MId=o260290180111|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 13 צֹ֔ר צֹר PROPN _ _ 6 obl _ Gloss=Tyre|Ref=EZK_29:18!12|MId=o260290180121|Strong=6865 14 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ Gloss=every|Ref=EZK_29:18!13|MId=o260290180131|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 15 רֹ֣אשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=head|Ref=EZK_29:18!14|MId=o260290180141|Strong=7218 16 מֻקְרָ֔ח קָרַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HOPHAL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[was].made.bald|Ref=EZK_29:18!15|MId=o260290180151|Strong=7139|Frame=A1:260290180141;|Type=participle_passive 17-18 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_29:18!16|MId=o260290180161|Strong=2050b 18 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=every|Ref=EZK_29:18!16|MId=o260290180162|Strong=3605 19 כָּתֵ֖ף כָּתֵף NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=shoulder|Ref=EZK_29:18!17|MId=o260290180171|Strong=3802 20 מְרוּטָ֑ה מָרַט VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 16 conj _ Gloss=[was].made.bare|Ref=EZK_29:18!18|MId=o260290180181|Strong=4803|Frame=A1:260290180171;|Type=participle_passive 21-22 וְ֠שָׂכָר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_29:18!19|MId=o260290180191|Strong=2050b 22 שָׂכָר שָׂכָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ Gloss=wage[s]|Ref=EZK_29:18!19|MId=o260290180192|Strong=7939 23 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 26 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EZK_29:18!20|MId=o260290180201|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 24 הָ֨יָה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 26 cop _ Gloss=it.belonged|Ref=EZK_29:18!21|MId=o260290180211|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:260290180192;|Type=qatal 25-26 ל֤וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 ל לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_29:18!22|MId=o260290180221|Strong=3807a 26 ֤וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 conj _ Gloss=him|Ref=EZK_29:18!22|MId=o260290180222|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 27-30 וּלְחֵילוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_29:18!23|MId=o260290180231|Strong=2050b 28 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_29:18!23|MId=o260290180232|Strong=3807a 29 חֵיל חַיִל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 conj _ Gloss=army|Ref=EZK_29:18!23|MId=o260290180233|Strong=2428 30 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EZK_29:18!23|MId=o260290180234|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 31-32 מִצֹּ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EZK_29:18!24|MId=o260290180241|Strong=4480 32 צֹּ֔ר צֹר PROPN _ _ 26 obl _ Gloss=Tyre|Ref=EZK_29:18!24|MId=o260290180242|Strong=6865 33 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EZK_29:18!25|MId=o260290180251|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 34-35 הָעֲבֹדָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZK_29:18!26|MId=o260290180261|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 עֲבֹדָ֖ה עֲבֹדָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 26 obl _ Gloss=labor|Ref=EZK_29:18!26|MId=o260290180262|Strong=5656 36 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 37 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=EZK_29:18!27|MId=o260290180271|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 37 עָבַ֥ד עָבַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 35 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.had.labored|Ref=EZK_29:18!28|MId=o260290180281|Strong=5647|Frame=A0:260290180031;A1:260290180262;|Type=qatal 38-39 עָלֶֽיהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 עָלֶֽי עַל ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EZK_29:18!29|MId=o260290180291|Strong=5921 39 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=EZK_29:18!29|MId=o260290180292|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 40 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=EZK_29:18!29|SpaceAfter=No 41 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=EZK_29:18!29 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הֶעֱבִיד *he made to labor* | qatal · hiphil | חֵיל *army* | עֲבֹדָה *labor* | | נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר *Nebuchadnezzar* | | מֻקְרָח *\[was\] made bald* | participle passive · hophal | | רֹאשׁ *head* | | | | מְרוּטָה *\[was\] made bare* | participle passive · qal | | כָּתֵף *shoulder* | | | | הָיָה *it belonged* | qatal · qal | שָׂכָר *wage\[s\]* | | | | | עָבַד *he had labored* | qatal · qal | נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר *Nebuchadnezzar* | עֲבֹדָה *labor* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} בַּר אָדָם נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַר מַלְכָּא דְבָבֶל אַפְלַח יַת מַשִׁרְיָתֵיהּ פּוּלְחַן רַב עַל כָּל סְעַר רֵישׁ נַתֵּר וְכָל כְתַף אִתְמְרַט וַאֲגָר לָא הֲוָה לֵיהּ וּלְמַשִׁרְיָתֵיהּ מִצוֹר עַל פּוּלְחָנָא דְאַפְלַח עֲלָהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. ['Son of man, Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon caused his army to serve a great service against Tyre; every head was made bald, and every shoulder was peeled; yet had he no wages, nor his army, from Tyre, for the service that he had served against it;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.767/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EZK:736`. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 29:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.29.17/) - next →: [Ezekiel 29:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.29.19/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/29/)