--- title: Ezekiel 31:10 — Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD: Because thou art exalted in statu… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD: Because thou art exalted in stature, and he hath set his top among the thick boughs, and his heart is lifted up in his height; Who acts: God. Ezekiel 31:10 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.31.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/31/) / 31:10 # Ezekiel 31:10 יְחֶזְקֵאל **Who acts:** God · **What happens:** say, exalt, set, lift up · **To what, where:** Lord GOD, thou, stature, top, thick boughs, heart · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Ezekiel 31:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — God — and what happens in the verse to Lord GOD, thou, stature, top, thick boughs, heart, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 48 chapters of Ezekiel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֕עַן אֲשֶׁ֥ר גָּבַ֖הְתָּ בְּקוֹמָ֑ה וַיִּתֵּ֤ן צַמַּרְתּוֹ֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ין עֲבוֹתִ֔ים וְרָ֥ם לְבָב֖וֹ בְּגָבְהֽוֹ׃ [Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD: Because thou art exalted in stature, and he hath set his top among the thick boughs, and his heart is lifted up in his height;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.806/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EZK:775 # text = לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֕עַן אֲשֶׁ֥ר גָּבַ֖הְתָּ בְּקוֹמָ֑ה וַיִּתֵּ֤ן צַמַּרְתּוֹ֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ין עֲבוֹתִ֔ים וְרָ֥ם לְבָב֖וֹ בְּגָבְהֽוֹ׃ # verse = EZK.31.10 1-2 לָכֵ֗ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 לָ לָכֵן ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=EZK_31:10!1|MId=o260310100011|Strong=3807a 2 כֵ֗ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=|Ref=EZK_31:10!1|MId=o260310100012|Strong=3651 3 כֹּ֤ה כֹּה ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=EZK_31:10!2|MId=o260310100021|Strong=3541 4 אָמַר֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=EZK_31:10!3|MId=o260310100031|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:260310100041;|Type=qatal 5-6 אֲדֹנָ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 אֲדֹנ אֲדֹנָי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ Gloss=Lord|Ref=EZK_31:10!4|MId=o260310100041|Strong=0136 6 ָ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[the]|Ref=EZK_31:10!4|MId=o260310100042|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 7 יְהוִ֔ה יְהֹוִה PROPN _ _ 5 appos _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EZK_31:10!5|MId=o260310100051|Strong=3069 8 יַ֕עַן יַעַן ADV _ _ 10 advmod _ Gloss=because|Ref=EZK_31:10!6|MId=o260310100061|Strong=3282 9 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=EZK_31:10!7|MId=o260310100071|Strong=0834|Type=relative 10 גָּבַ֖הְתָּ גָּבַהּ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 4 ccomp _ Gloss=you.were.tall|Ref=EZK_31:10!8|MId=o260310100081|Strong=1361|Frame=A0:260310030031;|Type=qatal 11-12 בְּקוֹמָ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EZK_31:10!9|MId=o260310100091|Strong=0871a 12 קוֹמָ֑ה קוֹמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=height|Ref=EZK_31:10!9|MId=o260310100092|Strong=6967 13-14 וַיִּתֵּ֤ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_31:10!10|MId=o260310100101|Strong=2050b 14 יִּתֵּ֤ן נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 10 conj _ Gloss=it.set|Ref=EZK_31:10!10|MId=o260310100102|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:260310030031;A1:260310100111;|Type=wayyiqtol 15-16 צַמַּרְתּוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 צַמַּרְתּ צַמֶּרֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 obj _ Gloss=treetop|Ref=EZK_31:10!11|MId=o260310100111|Strong=6788 16 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=EZK_31:10!11|MId=o260310100112|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 17 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_31:10!12|MId=o260310100121|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 18 בֵּ֣ין בֵּין ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=EZK_31:10!13|MId=o260310100131|Strong=0996 19 עֲבוֹתִ֔ים עֲבֹות NOUN _ Number=Plur 14 obl _ Gloss=branches|Ref=EZK_31:10!14|MId=o260310100141|Strong=5687a 20-21 וְרָ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_31:10!15|MId=o260310100151|Strong=2050b 21 רָ֥ם רוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 10 conj _ Gloss=it.was.lifted.up|Ref=EZK_31:10!15|MId=o260310100152|Strong=7311|Frame=A0:260310100161;|Type=qatal 22-23 לְבָב֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לְבָב לֵבָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ Gloss=heart|Ref=EZK_31:10!16|MId=o260310100161|Strong=3824 23 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=EZK_31:10!16|MId=o260310100162|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 24-26 בְּגָבְהֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EZK_31:10!17|MId=o260310100171|Strong=0871a 25 גָבְה גֹּבַהּ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=height|Ref=EZK_31:10!17|MId=o260310100172|Strong=1363 26 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=EZK_31:10!17|MId=o260310100173|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=EZK_31:10!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | אֲדֹנ *Lord* | | | | | גָּבַהְתָּ *you were tall* | qatal · qal | | | | | | יִּתֵּן *it set* | wayyiqtol · qal | | צַמַּרְתּ *treetop* | | | | רָם *it was lifted up* | qatal · qal | לְבָב *heart* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} בְּכֵן כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ אֱלֹהִים חֲלַף דְרָמְתָּא בְּקוֹמָה וִיהַב מַרְוָתֵיהּ עַל מַלְכְּוָתָא וְרָאֵים לִבֵּיהּ בְּתוּקְפֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD: Because thou art exalted in stature, and he hath set his top among the thick boughs, and his heart is lifted up in his height;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.806/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EZK:775`. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 31:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.31.9/) - next →: [Ezekiel 31:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.31.11/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/31/)