--- title: Ezekiel 31:14 — to the end that none of all the trees by the waters exalt themselves… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: to the end that none of all the trees by the waters exalt themselves in their stature, neither set their top among the thick boughs, nor that their mighty ones stand up in their height, even all that drink water; for they are all delivered unto death, to the nether parts of the earth, in the midst o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.31.14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/31/) / 31:14 # Ezekiel 31:14 יְחֶזְקֵאל **Who acts:** none, mighty ones · **What happens:** exalt, set, stand up, drink, deliver, go down · **To what, where:** waters, stature, top, thick boughs, height, water This is Ezekiel 31:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — none, mighty ones — and what happens in the verse to waters, stature, top, thick boughs, height, water, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 48 chapters of Ezekiel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לְמַ֡עַן אֲשֶׁר֩ לֹא־יִגְבְּה֨וּ בְקוֹמָתָ֜ם כָּל־עֲצֵי־מַ֗יִם וְלֹֽא־יִתְּנ֤וּ אֶת־צַמַּרְתָּם֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ין עֲבֹתִ֔ים וְלֹֽא־יַעַמְד֧וּ אֵלֵיהֶ֛ם בְּגָבְהָ֖ם כָּל־שֹׁ֣תֵי מָ֑יִם כִּֽי־כֻלָּם֩ נִתְּנ֨וּ לַמָּ֜וֶת אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ תַּחְתִּ֗ית בְּת֛וֹךְ בְּנֵ֥י אָדָ֖ם אֶל־י֥וֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר׃ס [to the end that none of all the trees by the waters exalt themselves in their stature, neither set their top among the thick boughs, nor that their mighty ones stand up in their height, even all that drink water; for they are all delivered unto death, to the nether parts of the earth, in the midst of the children of men, with them that go down to the pit.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.810/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EZK:779 # text = לְמַ֡עַן אֲשֶׁר֩ לֹא־יִגְבְּה֨וּ בְקוֹמָתָ֜ם כָּל־עֲצֵי־מַ֗יִם וְלֹֽא־יִתְּנ֤וּ אֶת־צַמַּרְתָּם֙ אֶל־בֵּ֣ין עֲבֹתִ֔ים וְלֹֽא־יַעַמְד֧וּ אֵלֵיהֶ֛ם בְּגָבְהָ֖ם כָּל־שֹׁ֣תֵי מָ֑יִם כִּֽי־כֻלָּם֩ נִתְּנ֨וּ לַמָּ֜וֶת אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ תַּחְתִּ֗ית בְּת֛וֹךְ בְּנֵ֥י אָדָ֖ם אֶל־י֥וֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר׃ס # verse = EZK.31.14 1 לְמַ֡עַן לְמַעַן SCONJ _ _ 4 mark _ Gloss=so.that|Ref=EZK_31:14!1|MId=o260310140011|Strong=4616 2 אֲשֶׁר֩ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 4 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=EZK_31:14!2|MId=o260310140021|Strong=0834|Type=relative 3 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EZK_31:14!3|MId=o260310140031|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 4 יִגְבְּה֨וּ גָּבַהּ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.may.be.lifted.up|Ref=EZK_31:14!4|MId=o260310140041|Strong=1361|Frame=A0:260310140071;|Type=yiqtol 5-7 בְקוֹמָתָ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EZK_31:14!5|MId=o260310140051|Strong=0871a 6 קוֹמָת קוֹמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 obl _ Gloss=height|Ref=EZK_31:14!5|MId=o260310140052|Strong=6967 7 ָ֜ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EZK_31:14!5|MId=o260310140053|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 8 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=any|Ref=EZK_31:14!6|MId=o260310140061|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 9 עֲצֵי־ עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=trees|Ref=EZK_31:14!7|MId=o260310140071|Strong=6086|SpaceAfter=No 10 מַ֗יִם מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.water|Ref=EZK_31:14!8|MId=o260310140081|Strong=4325 11-12 וְלֹֽא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_31:14!9|MId=o260310140091|Strong=2050b 12 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 13 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EZK_31:14!9|MId=o260310140092|Strong=3808|Type=negative 13 יִתְּנ֤וּ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=they.may.set|Ref=EZK_31:14!10|MId=o260310140101|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:260310140071;A1:260310140121;|Type=yiqtol 14 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EZK_31:14!11|MId=o260310140111|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 צַמַּרְתָּם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 צַמַּרְתּ צַמֶּרֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 obj _ Gloss=treetop|Ref=EZK_31:14!12|MId=o260310140121|Strong=6788 16 ָם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EZK_31:14!12|MId=o260310140122|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 17 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_31:14!13|MId=o260310140131|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 18 בֵּ֣ין בֵּין ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=EZK_31:14!14|MId=o260310140141|Strong=0996 19 עֲבֹתִ֔ים עֲבֹות NOUN _ Number=Plur 13 obl _ Gloss=branches|Ref=EZK_31:14!15|MId=o260310140151|Strong=5687a 20-21 וְלֹֽא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_31:14!16|MId=o260310140161|Strong=2050b 21 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 22 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=EZK_31:14!16|MId=o260310140162|Strong=3808|Type=negative 22 יַעַמְד֧וּ עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=they.may.stand|Ref=EZK_31:14!17|MId=o260310140171|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:260310140211;|Type=yiqtol 23-24 אֵלֵיהֶ֛ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 אֵלֵי אֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 obl _ Gloss=oaks|Ref=EZK_31:14!18|MId=o260310140181|Strong=0352a 24 הֶ֛ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EZK_31:14!18|MId=o260310140182|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 25-27 בְּגָבְהָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=EZK_31:14!19|MId=o260310140191|Strong=0871a 26 גָבְה גֹּבַהּ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=height|Ref=EZK_31:14!19|MId=o260310140192|Strong=1363 27 ָ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EZK_31:14!19|MId=o260310140193|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 28 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ Gloss=any|Ref=EZK_31:14!20|MId=o260310140201|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 29 שֹׁ֣תֵי שָׁתָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=drinkers|Ref=EZK_31:14!21|MId=o260310140211|Strong=8354|Frame=A0:260310140071;A1:260310140221;|Type=participle_active 30 מָ֑יִם מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.water|Ref=EZK_31:14!22|MId=o260310140221|Strong=4325 31 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 34 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=EZK_31:14!23|MId=o260310140231|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 32-33 כֻלָּם֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 כֻלּ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ Gloss=of.them|Ref=EZK_31:14!24|MId=o260310140241|Strong=3605 33 ָם֩ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ Gloss=all|Ref=EZK_31:14!24|MId=o260310140242|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 34 נִתְּנ֨וּ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 advcl _ Gloss=they.have.been.given|Ref=EZK_31:14!25|MId=o260310140251|Strong=5414|Frame=A1:260310140242;|Type=qatal 35-37 לַמָּ֜וֶת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_31:14!26|MId=o260310140261|Strong=3807a 36 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 37 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EZK_31:14!26|MId=o260310140261ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 37 מָּ֜וֶת מָוֶת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 obl _ Gloss=death|Ref=EZK_31:14!26|MId=o260310140262|Strong=4194 38 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_31:14!27|MId=o260310140271|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 39 אֶ֣רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 34 obl _ Gloss=[the].earth|Ref=EZK_31:14!28|MId=o260310140281|Strong=0776 40 תַּחְתִּ֗ית תַּחְתִּי ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 39 amod _ Gloss=lowest|Ref=EZK_31:14!29|MId=o260310140291|Strong=8482|Type=adjective 41-42 בְּת֛וֹךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=among|Ref=EZK_31:14!30|MId=o260310140301|Strong=0871a 42 ת֛וֹךְ תָּוֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=EZK_31:14!30|MId=o260310140302|Strong=8432 43 בְּנֵ֥י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 42 compound:smixut _ Gloss=[the].children|Ref=EZK_31:14!31|MId=o260310140311|Strong=1121 44 אָדָ֖ם אָדָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 43 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.humankind|Ref=EZK_31:14!32|MId=o260310140321|Strong=0120 45 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 46 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_31:14!33|MId=o260310140331|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 46 י֥וֹרְדֵי יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 34 xcomp _ Gloss=[those.who.have].gone.down|Ref=EZK_31:14!34|MId=o260310140341|Strong=3381|Type=participle_active 47 בֽוֹר בּוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 46 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].pit|Ref=EZK_31:14!35|MId=o260310140351|Strong=0953|SpaceAfter=No 48 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 47 punct _ Ref=EZK_31:14!35|SpaceAfter=No 49 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 47 punct _ Ref=EZK_31:14!35 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** יִגְבְּהוּ *they may be lifted up* | yiqtol · qal | עֲצֵי־ *trees* | | | | | **not** יִתְּנוּ *they may set* | yiqtol · qal | עֲצֵי־ *trees* | צַמַּרְתּ *treetop* | | | | **not** יַעַמְדוּ *they may stand* | yiqtol · qal | שֹׁתֵי *drinkers* | | | | | שֹׁתֵי *drinkers* | participle active · qal | עֲצֵי־ *trees* | מָיִם *of water* | | | | נִתְּנוּ *they have been given* | qatal · niphal | | ָם *all* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} בְּדִיל דְלָא יְרָאמוּן בְּתוּקְפֵיהוֹן כָּל מַלְכֵי קֶדֶם וְלָא יִתְּנוּן יַת מַרְוַתְהוֹן עַל מַלְכְּוָתָא וְלָא יִתְרַבְרְבוּן לְהוֹן בְּתוּקְפֵיהוֹן כָּל עַבְדֵי מַלְכוּ אֲרֵי כּוּלְהוֹן אִתְמְסָרוּ לְמוֹתָא לְאַרְעָא אַרְעִיתָא בְּגוֹ בְנֵי אֱנָשָׁא עִם נָחֲתֵי גוֹב בֵּית אַבְדָנָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [to the end that none of all the trees by the waters exalt themselves in their stature, neither set their top among the thick boughs, nor that their mighty ones stand up in their height, even all that drink water; for they are all delivered unto death, to the nether parts of the earth, in the midst of the children of men, with them that go down to the pit.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.810/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EZK:779`. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 31:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.31.13/) - next →: [Ezekiel 31:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.31.15/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/31/)