--- title: Ezekiel 31:15 — Thus saith the Lord GOD: In the day when he went down to the nether-… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Thus saith the Lord GOD: In the day when he went down to the nether-world I caused the deep to mourn and cover itself for him, and I restrained the rivers thereof, and the great waters were stayed; and I caused Lebanon to mourn for him, and all the trees of the field fainted for him. Who acts: Lord --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.31.15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/31/) / 31:15 # Ezekiel 31:15 יְחֶזְקֵאל **Who acts:** Lord GOD, God, I, deep, Lebanon, trees · **What happens:** say, go down, cause, mourn, cover, restrain · **To what, where:** deep, world, rivers, great waters, Lebanon · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Ezekiel 31:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Lord GOD, God, I, deep, Lebanon, trees — and what happens in the verse to deep, world, rivers, great waters, Lebanon, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 48 chapters of Ezekiel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה בְּי֨וֹם רִדְתּ֤וֹ שְׁא֙וֹלָה֙ הֶאֱבַ֜לְתִּי כִּסֵּ֤תִי עָלָיו֙ אֶת־תְּה֔וֹם וָֽאֶמְנַע֙ נַהֲרוֹתֶ֔יהָ וַיִּכָּלְא֖וּ מַ֣יִם רַבִּ֑ים וָאַקְדִּ֤ר עָלָיו֙ לְבָנ֔וֹן וְכָל־עֲצֵ֥י הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה עָלָ֥יו עֻלְפֶּֽה׃ [Thus saith the Lord GOD: In the day when he went down to the nether-world I caused the deep to mourn and cover itself for him, and I restrained the rivers thereof, and the great waters were stayed; and I caused Lebanon to mourn for him, and all the trees of the field fainted for him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.811/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EZK:780 # text = כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה בְּי֨וֹם רִדְתּ֤וֹ שְׁא֙וֹלָה֙ הֶאֱבַ֜לְתִּי כִּסֵּ֤תִי עָלָיו֙ אֶת־תְּה֔וֹם וָֽאֶמְנַע֙ נַהֲרוֹתֶ֔יהָ וַיִּכָּלְא֖וּ מַ֣יִם רַבִּ֑ים וָאַקְדִּ֤ר עָלָיו֙ לְבָנ֔וֹן וְכָל־עֲצֵ֥י הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה עָלָ֥יו עֻלְפֶּֽה׃ # verse = EZK.31.15 1 כֹּֽה־ כֹּה ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=EZK_31:15!1|MId=o260310150011|Strong=3541|SpaceAfter=No 2 אָמַ֞ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=EZK_31:15!2|MId=o260310150021|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:260310150031;|Type=qatal 3-4 אֲדֹנָ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אֲדֹנ אֲדֹנָי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Lord|Ref=EZK_31:15!3|MId=o260310150031|Strong=0136 4 ָ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[the]|Ref=EZK_31:15!3|MId=o260310150032|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 5 יְהוִ֗ה יְהֹוִה PROPN _ _ 3 appos _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EZK_31:15!4|MId=o260310150041|Strong=3069 6-7 בְּי֨וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EZK_31:15!5|MId=o260310150051|Strong=0871a 7 י֨וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=the.day|Ref=EZK_31:15!5|MId=o260310150052|Strong=3117 8-9 רִדְתּ֤וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 רִדְתּ יָרַד VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 7 acl _ Gloss=it|Ref=EZK_31:15!6|MId=o260310150061|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:260310150062;|Type=infinitive_construct 9 ֤וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ Gloss=went.down|Ref=EZK_31:15!6|MId=o260310150062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 10-11 שְׁא֙וֹלָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 שְׁא֙וֹל שְׁאוֹל PROPN _ _ 8 obl _ Gloss=Sheol|Ref=EZK_31:15!7|MId=o260310150071|Strong=7585 11 ָה֙ ה X _ _ 10 nmod _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_31:15!7|MId=o260310150072|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 12 הֶאֱבַ֜לְתִּי אָבַל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 ccomp _ Gloss=I.caused.mourning|Ref=EZK_31:15!8|MId=o260310150081|Strong=0056|Frame=A0:260310150031;|Type=qatal 13 כִּסֵּ֤תִי כָּסָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 12 parataxis _ Gloss=I.covered|Ref=EZK_31:15!9|MId=o260310150091|Strong=3680|Frame=A0:260310150031;A1:260310150121;|Type=qatal 14-15 עָלָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 עָלָי עַל ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=EZK_31:15!10|MId=o260310150101|Strong=5921 15 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=EZK_31:15!10|MId=o260310150102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 16 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EZK_31:15!11|MId=o260310150111|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 17 תְּה֔וֹם תְּהוֹם NOUN _ Number=Sing 13 obj _ Gloss=the.deep|Ref=EZK_31:15!12|MId=o260310150121|Strong=8415 18-19 וָֽאֶמְנַע֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וָֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_31:15!13|MId=o260310150131|Strong=2050b 19 אֶמְנַע֙ מָנַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I.withheld|Ref=EZK_31:15!13|MId=o260310150132|Strong=4513|Frame=A0:260310150031;A1:260310150141;|Type=wayyiqtol 20-21 נַהֲרוֹתֶ֔יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 נַהֲרוֹתֶ֔י נָהָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 obj _ Gloss=rivers|Ref=EZK_31:15!14|MId=o260310150141|Strong=5104 21 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=EZK_31:15!14|MId=o260310150142|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 22-23 וַיִּכָּלְא֖וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_31:15!15|MId=o260310150151|Strong=2050b 23 יִּכָּלְא֖וּ כָּלָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.were.restrained|Ref=EZK_31:15!15|MId=o260310150152|Strong=3607|Frame=A1:260310150161;|Type=wayyiqtol 24 מַ֣יִם מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ Gloss=waters|Ref=EZK_31:15!16|MId=o260310150161|Strong=4325 25 רַבִּ֑ים רַב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 24 amod _ Gloss=many|Ref=EZK_31:15!17|MId=o260310150171|Strong=7227|Type=adjective 26-27 וָאַקְדִּ֤ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_31:15!18|MId=o260310150181|Strong=2050b 27 אַקְדִּ֤ר קָדַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I.made.mourn|Ref=EZK_31:15!18|MId=o260310150182|Strong=6937|Frame=AA:260310150031;A0:260310150201;|Type=wayyiqtol 28-29 עָלָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 עָלָי עַל ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EZK_31:15!19|MId=o260310150191|Strong=5921 29 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=EZK_31:15!19|MId=o260310150192|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 30 לְבָנ֔וֹן לְבָנוֹן PROPN _ _ 27 obj _ Gloss=Lebanon|Ref=EZK_31:15!20|MId=o260310150201|Strong=3844 31-32 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_31:15!21|MId=o260310150211|Strong=2050b 32 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 38 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=EZK_31:15!21|MId=o260310150212|Strong=3605 33 עֲצֵ֥י עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 32 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.trees|Ref=EZK_31:15!22|MId=o260310150221|Strong=6086 34-35 הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EZK_31:15!23|MId=o260310150231|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 שָּׂדֶ֖ה שָׂדֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.field|Ref=EZK_31:15!23|MId=o260310150232|Strong=7704 36-37 עָלָ֥יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 עָלָ֥י עַל ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EZK_31:15!24|MId=o260310150241|Strong=5921 37 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=EZK_31:15!24|MId=o260310150242|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 38 עֻלְפֶּֽה עֻלְפֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=[were].wilted|Ref=EZK_31:15!25|MId=o260310150251|Strong=5969|SpaceAfter=No 39 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 38 punct _ Ref=EZK_31:15!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | אֲדֹנ *Lord* | | | | | רִדְתּ *it* | infinitive construct · qal | וֹ *went down* | | | | | הֶאֱבַלְתִּי *I caused mourning* | qatal · hiphil | אֲדֹנ *Lord* | | | | | כִּסֵּתִי *I covered* | qatal · piel | אֲדֹנ *Lord* | תְּהוֹם *the deep* | | | | אֶמְנַע *I withheld* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֲדֹנ *Lord* | נַהֲרוֹתֶי *rivers* | | | | יִּכָּלְאוּ *they were restrained* | wayyiqtol · niphal | | מַיִם *waters* | | | | אַקְדִּר *I made mourn* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | לְבָנוֹן *Lebanon* | | | אֲדֹנ *Lord* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ אֱלֹהִים בְּיוֹם אַחְתוֹתִי יָתֵיהּ לִשְׁאוֹל אִתְאַבָּלוּ עֲלוֹהִי חֲפַת עָקָא יַת עַלְמָא וְחָרוֹבָא מְדִינָתָא וְזָעוּ עַמְמִין סַגִיאִין וַחֲשׁוֹכוּ עֲלוֹהִי אַפֵּי מַלְכַיָא וְכָל מַלְכֵי עַמְמַיָא עֲלוֹהִי טְפָחוּ כַתְפָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Thus saith the Lord GOD: In the day when he went down to the nether-world I caused the deep to mourn and cover itself for him, and I restrained the rivers thereof, and the great waters were stayed; and I caused Lebanon to mourn for him, and all the trees of the field fainted for him.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.811/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EZK:780`. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 31:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.31.14/) - next →: [Ezekiel 31:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.31.16/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/31/)