--- title: Ezekiel 31:16 — I made the nations to shake at the sound of his fall, when I cast hi… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: I made the nations to shake at the sound of his fall, when I cast him down to the nether-world with them that descend into the pit; and all the trees of Eden, the choice and best of Lebanon, all that drink water, were comforted in the nether parts of the earth. Who acts: I, nations. Ezekiel 31:16 in --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.31.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/31/) / 31:16 # Ezekiel 31:16 יְחֶזְקֵאל **Who acts:** I, nations · **What happens:** make, shake, cast down, descend, drink, comfort · **To what, where:** nations, God, nether world, pit, water, trees This is Ezekiel 31:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, nations — and what happens in the verse to nations, God, nether world, pit, water, trees, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 48 chapters of Ezekiel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. מִקּ֤וֹל מַפַּלְתּוֹ֙ הִרְעַ֣שְׁתִּי גוֹיִ֔ם בְּהוֹרִדִ֥י אֹת֛וֹ שְׁא֖וֹלָה אֶת־י֣וֹרְדֵי ב֑וֹר וַיִּנָּ֨חֲמ֜וּ בְּאֶ֤רֶץ תַּחְתִּית֙ כָּל־עֲצֵי־עֵ֔דֶן מִבְחַ֥ר וְטוֹב־לְבָנ֖וֹן כָּל־שֹׁ֥תֵי מָֽיִם׃ [I made the nations to shake at the sound of his fall, when I cast him down to the nether-world with them that descend into the pit; and all the trees of Eden, the choice and best of Lebanon, all that drink water, were comforted in the nether parts of the earth.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.812/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EZK:781 # text = מִקּ֤וֹל מַפַּלְתּוֹ֙ הִרְעַ֣שְׁתִּי גוֹיִ֔ם בְּהוֹרִדִ֥י אֹת֛וֹ שְׁא֖וֹלָה אֶת־י֣וֹרְדֵי ב֑וֹר וַיִּנָּ֨חֲמ֜וּ בְּאֶ֤רֶץ תַּחְתִּית֙ כָּל־עֲצֵי־עֵ֔דֶן מִבְחַ֥ר וְטוֹב־לְבָנ֖וֹן כָּל־שֹׁ֥תֵי מָֽיִם׃ # verse = EZK.31.16 1-2 מִקּ֤וֹל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=EZK_31:16!1|MId=o260310160011|Strong=4480 2 קּ֤וֹל קוֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=the.sound|Ref=EZK_31:16!1|MId=o260310160012|Strong=6963 3-4 מַפַּלְתּוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 מַפַּלְתּ מַפֶּלֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=its.downfall|Ref=EZK_31:16!2|MId=o260310160021|Strong=4658 4 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EZK_31:16!2|MId=o260310160022|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 5 הִרְעַ֣שְׁתִּי רָעַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.caused.to.tremble|Ref=EZK_31:16!3|MId=o260310160031|Strong=7493|Frame=AA:260310100041;A0:260310160041;|Type=qatal 6 גוֹיִ֔ם גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 obj _ Gloss=nations|Ref=EZK_31:16!4|MId=o260310160041|Strong=1471 7-9 בְּהוֹרִדִ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=when|Ref=EZK_31:16!5|MId=o260310160051|Strong=0871a 8 הוֹרִד יָרַד VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 5 advcl _ Gloss=I|Ref=EZK_31:16!5|MId=o260310160052|Strong=3381|Frame=AA:260310160053;A0:260310160062;|Type=infinitive_construct 9 ִ֥י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ Gloss=brought.down|Ref=EZK_31:16!5|MId=o260310160053|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 10-11 אֹת֛וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=|Ref=EZK_31:16!6|MId=o260310160061|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 11 ֛וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obj _ Gloss=it|Ref=EZK_31:16!6|MId=o260310160062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 12-13 שְׁא֖וֹלָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 שְׁא֖וֹל שְׁאוֹל PROPN _ _ 8 obl _ Gloss=Sheol|Ref=EZK_31:16!7|MId=o260310160071|Strong=7585 13 ָה ה X _ _ 12 nmod _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_31:16!7|MId=o260310160072|Strong=1886c|Type=directional_he 14 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=EZK_31:16!8|MId=o260310160081|Strong=0854|SpaceAfter=No 15 י֣וֹרְדֵי יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 8 advcl _ Gloss=[those.who].go.down|Ref=EZK_31:16!9|MId=o260310160091|Strong=3381|Type=participle_active 16 ב֑וֹר בּוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].pit|Ref=EZK_31:16!10|MId=o260310160101|Strong=0953 17-18 וַיִּנָּ֨חֲמ֜וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_31:16!11|MId=o260310160111|Strong=2050b 18 יִּנָּ֨חֲמ֜וּ נָחַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=they.were.comforted|Ref=EZK_31:16!11|MId=o260310160112|Strong=5162|Frame=A0:260310160151;260310160171;|Type=wayyiqtol 19-20 בְּאֶ֤רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=in.[the]|Ref=EZK_31:16!12|MId=o260310160121|Strong=0871a 20 אֶ֤רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=earth|Ref=EZK_31:16!12|MId=o260310160122|Strong=0776 21 תַּחְתִּית֙ תַּחְתִּי ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 amod _ Gloss=lowest|Ref=EZK_31:16!13|MId=o260310160131|Strong=8482|Type=adjective 22 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=EZK_31:16!14|MId=o260310160141|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 23 עֲצֵי־ עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.trees|Ref=EZK_31:16!15|MId=o260310160151|Strong=6086|SpaceAfter=No 24 עֵ֔דֶן עֵדֶן PROPN _ _ 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Eden|Ref=EZK_31:16!16|MId=o260310160161|Strong=5731 25 מִבְחַ֥ר מִבְחָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 conj _ Gloss=the.choicest|Ref=EZK_31:16!17|MId=o260310160171|Strong=4005 26-27 וְטוֹב־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_31:16!18|MId=o260310160181|Strong=2050b 27 טוֹב־ טוֹב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 conj _ Gloss=the.good|Ref=EZK_31:16!18|MId=o260310160182|Strong=2896|Type=adjective 28 לְבָנ֖וֹן לְבָנוֹן PROPN _ _ 25 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Lebanon|Ref=EZK_31:16!19|MId=o260310160191|Strong=3844 29 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 appos _ Gloss=all|Ref=EZK_31:16!20|MId=o260310160201|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 30 שֹׁ֥תֵי שָׁתָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=drinkers|Ref=EZK_31:16!21|MId=o260310160211|Strong=8354|Frame=A0:260310160151;260310160171;A1:260310160221;|Type=participle_active 31 מָֽיִם מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 30 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.water|Ref=EZK_31:16!22|MId=o260310160221|Strong=4325|SpaceAfter=No 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=EZK_31:16!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: speech with no frame - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הִרְעַשְׁתִּי *I caused to tremble* | qatal · hiphil | גוֹיִם *nations* | | | | | הוֹרִד *I* | infinitive construct · hiphil | וֹ *it* | | | ִי *brought down* | | יִּנָּחֲמוּ *they were comforted* | wayyiqtol · niphal | עֲצֵי־ *the trees* + מִבְחַר *the choicest* | | | | | שֹׁתֵי *drinkers* | participle active · qal | עֲצֵי־ *the trees* + מִבְחַר *the choicest* | מָֽיִם *of water* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} מִקַל מַפַּלְתֵּיהּ אַזְעִית עַמְמַיָא בְּאַחֲתוֹתִי יָתֵיהּ לִשְׁאוֹל עִם נַחֲתֵי גוֹב בֵּית אַבְדָנָא וְאִתְנֵחֲמוּ בְּאַרְעָא אַרְעִיתָא כָּל מַלְכֵי קֶדֶם שִׁלְטוֹנִין וְעַתִּירֵי נִכְסַיָא כָּל עַבְדֵי מַלְכוּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [I made the nations to shake at the sound of his fall, when I cast him down to the nether-world with them that descend into the pit; and all the trees of Eden, the choice and best of Lebanon, all that drink water, were comforted in the nether parts of the earth.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.812/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EZK:781`. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 31:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.31.15/) - next →: [Ezekiel 31:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.31.17/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/31/)