--- title: Ezekiel 31:18 — To whom art thou thus like in glory and in greatness among the trees… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: To whom art thou thus like in glory and in greatness among the trees of Eden? yet shall thou be brought down with the trees of Eden unto the nether parts of the earth; thou shalt lie in the midst of the uncircumcised, with them that are slain by the sword. This is Pharaoh and all his multitude, sait --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.31.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/31/) / 31:18 # Ezekiel 31:18 יְחֶזְקֵאל **Who acts:** thou, sword, This, Lord GOD · **What happens:** be, bring down, lie, slay, say · **To what, where:** glory, thou, midst, Pharaoh · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Ezekiel 31:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — thou, sword, This, Lord GOD — and what happens in the verse to glory, thou, midst, Pharaoh, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 48 chapters of Ezekiel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אֶל־מִ֨י דָמִ֥יתָ כָּ֛כָה בְּכָב֥וֹד וּבְגֹ֖דֶל בַּעֲצֵי־עֵ֑דֶן וְהוּרַדְתָּ֨אֶת־עֲצֵי־עֵ֜דֶן אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ תַּחְתִּ֗ית בְּת֨וֹךְ עֲרֵלִ֤ים תִּשְׁכַּב֙ אֶת־חַלְלֵי־חֶ֔רֶב ה֤וּא פַרְעֹה֙ וְכָל־הֲמוֹנֹ֔הנְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ס [To whom art thou thus like in glory and in greatness among the trees of Eden? yet shall thou be brought down with the trees of Eden unto the nether parts of the earth; thou shalt lie in the midst of the uncircumcised, with them that are slain by the sword.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.814/) [This is Pharaoh and all his multitude, saith the Lord GOD.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.815/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EZK:783 # text = אֶל־מִ֨י דָמִ֥יתָ כָּ֛כָה בְּכָב֥וֹד וּבְגֹ֖דֶל בַּעֲצֵי־עֵ֑דֶן וְהוּרַדְתָּ֨אֶת־עֲצֵי־עֵ֜דֶן אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ תַּחְתִּ֗ית בְּת֨וֹךְ עֲרֵלִ֤ים תִּשְׁכַּב֙ אֶת־חַלְלֵי־חֶ֔רֶב ה֤וּא פַרְעֹה֙ וְכָל־הֲמוֹנֹ֔הנְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃ס # verse = EZK.31.18 1 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=EZK_31:18!1|MId=o260310180011|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 2 מִ֨י מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 3 obl _ Gloss=whom?|Ref=EZK_31:18!2|MId=o260310180021|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 3 דָמִ֥יתָ דָּמָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=are.you.like|Ref=EZK_31:18!3|MId=o260310180031|Strong=1819|Frame=A0:260310020051;260310020091;|Type=qatal 4 כָּ֛כָה כָּכָה ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=EZK_31:18!4|MId=o260310180041|Strong=3602 5-6 בְּכָב֥וֹד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EZK_31:18!5|MId=o260310180051|Strong=0871a 6 כָב֥וֹד כָּבוֹד NOUN _ Number=Sing 3 obl _ Gloss=splendor|Ref=EZK_31:18!5|MId=o260310180052|Strong=3519 7-9 וּבְגֹ֖דֶל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_31:18!6|MId=o260310180061|Strong=2050b 8 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EZK_31:18!6|MId=o260310180062|Strong=0871a 9 גֹ֖דֶל גֹּדֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=greatness|Ref=EZK_31:18!6|MId=o260310180063|Strong=1433 10-11 בַּעֲצֵי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=among|Ref=EZK_31:18!7|MId=o260310180071|Strong=0871a 11 עֲצֵי־ עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 obl _ Gloss=the.trees|Ref=EZK_31:18!7|MId=o260310180072|Strong=6086 12 עֵ֑דֶן עֵדֶן PROPN _ _ 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Eden|Ref=EZK_31:18!8|MId=o260310180081|Strong=5731 13-15 וְהוּרַדְתָּ֨אֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_31:18!9|MId=o260310180091|Strong=2050b 14 הוּרַדְתָּ֨ יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HOPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 3 conj _ Gloss=you.will.be.brought.down|Ref=EZK_31:18!9|MId=o260310180092|Strong=3381|Frame=A1:260310020051;260310020091;|Type=weqatal 15 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=EZK_31:18!10|MId=o260310180101|Strong=0854 16 עֲצֵי־ עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 obl _ Gloss=the.trees|Ref=EZK_31:18!11|MId=o260310180111|Strong=6086|SpaceAfter=No 17 עֵ֜דֶן עֵדֶן PROPN _ _ 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Eden|Ref=EZK_31:18!12|MId=o260310180121|Strong=5731 18 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_31:18!13|MId=o260310180131|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 19 אֶ֣רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=[the].earth|Ref=EZK_31:18!14|MId=o260310180141|Strong=0776 20 תַּחְתִּ֗ית תַּחְתִּי ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 amod _ Gloss=lowest|Ref=EZK_31:18!15|MId=o260310180151|Strong=8482|Type=adjective 21-22 בְּת֨וֹךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=among|Ref=EZK_31:18!16|MId=o260310180161|Strong=0871a 22 ת֨וֹךְ תָּוֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=EZK_31:18!16|MId=o260310180162|Strong=8432 23 עֲרֵלִ֤ים עָרֵל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=uncircumcised.[men]|Ref=EZK_31:18!17|MId=o260310180171|Strong=6189|Type=adjective 24 תִּשְׁכַּב֙ שָׁכַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 3 parataxis _ Gloss=you.will.lie|Ref=EZK_31:18!18|MId=o260310180181|Strong=7901|Frame=A0:260310020051;260310020091;|Type=yiqtol 25 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=EZK_31:18!19|MId=o260310180191|Strong=0854|SpaceAfter=No 26 חַלְלֵי־ חָלָל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 24 obl _ Gloss=[those].slain|Ref=EZK_31:18!20|MId=o260310180201|Strong=2491|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 27 חֶ֔רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.sword|Ref=EZK_31:18!21|MId=o260310180211|Strong=2719 28 ה֤וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ Gloss=that|Ref=EZK_31:18!22|MId=o260310180221|Strong=1931|Type=personal 29 פַרְעֹה֙ פַּרְעֹה PROPN _ _ 3 parataxis _ Gloss=[is].Pharaoh|Ref=EZK_31:18!23|MId=o260310180231|Strong=6547 30-31 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 31 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_31:18!24|MId=o260310180241|Strong=2050b 31 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=EZK_31:18!24|MId=o260310180242|Strong=3605 32-34 הֲמוֹנֹ֔הנְאֻ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 הֲמוֹנ הָמוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 compound:smixut _ Gloss=multitude|Ref=EZK_31:18!25|MId=o260310180251|Strong=1995 33 ֹ֔ה הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=EZK_31:18!25|MId=o260310180252|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 34 נְאֻ֖ם נְאֻם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ Gloss=the.utterance|Ref=EZK_31:18!26|MId=o260310180261|Strong=5002 35-36 אֲדֹנָ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 אֲדֹנ אֲדֹנָי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 34 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Lord|Ref=EZK_31:18!27|MId=o260310180271|Strong=0136 36 ָ֥י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ Gloss=of.[the]|Ref=EZK_31:18!27|MId=o260310180272|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 37 יְהוִֽה יְהֹוִה PROPN _ _ 35 appos _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EZK_31:18!28|MId=o260310180281|Strong=3069|SpaceAfter=No 38 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 37 punct _ Ref=EZK_31:18!28|SpaceAfter=No 39 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 37 punct _ Ref=EZK_31:18!28 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: speech with no frame - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | דָמִיתָ *are you like* | qatal · qal | | | | | | הוּרַדְתָּ *you will be brought down* | weqatal · hophal | | | | | | תִּשְׁכַּב *you will lie* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} לְמַן דַמְיֵתָא כְּדֵין בִּיקַר וּבִרְבוּ בְּמַלְכֵי קֶדֶם וְתִתְּחַת עִם מַלְכֵי קֶדֶם לְאַרְעָא אַרְעִיתָא בְּגוֹ חַיָבַיָא תִשְׁכַּב עִם קְטִילֵי חַרְבָּא הוּא פַרְעֹה וְכָל אִתְרְגוּשְׁתֵּיהּ אֲמַר יְיָ אֱלֹהִים: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [To whom art thou thus like in glory and in greatness among the trees of Eden? yet shall thou be brought down with the trees of Eden unto the nether parts of the earth; thou shalt lie in the midst of the uncircumcised, with them that are slain by the sword.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.814/) 2. [This is Pharaoh and all his multitude, saith the Lord GOD.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.815/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EZK:783`. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 31:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.31.17/) - next →: [Ezekiel 32:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.32.1/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/31/)