--- title: Ezekiel 31:4 — The waters nourished it, the deep made it to grow; her rivers ran ro… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: The waters nourished it, the deep made it to grow; her rivers ran round about her plantation, and she sent out her conduits unto all the trees of the field. Who acts: waters, deep, top, rivers. Ezekiel 31:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every cla --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.31.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/31/) / 31:4 # Ezekiel 31:4 יְחֶזְקֵאל **Who acts:** waters, deep, top, rivers · **What happens:** nourish, make, grow, run, send out · **To what, where:** top, conduits This is Ezekiel 31:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — waters, deep, top, rivers — and what happens in the verse to top, conduits, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 48 chapters of Ezekiel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. מַ֣יִם גִּדְּל֔וּהוּ תְּה֖וֹם רֹֽמְמָ֑תְהוּ אֶת־נַהֲרֹתֶ֗יהָ הֹלֵךְ֙ סְבִיב֣וֹת מַטָּעָ֔הּ וְאֶת־תְּעָלֹתֶ֣יהָ שִׁלְחָ֔ה אֶ֖ל כָּל־עֲצֵ֥י הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ [The waters nourished it, the deep made it to grow; her rivers ran round about her plantation, and she sent out her conduits unto all the trees of the field.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.800/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EZK:769 # text = מַ֣יִם גִּדְּל֔וּהוּ תְּה֖וֹם רֹֽמְמָ֑תְהוּ אֶת־נַהֲרֹתֶ֗יהָ הֹלֵךְ֙ סְבִיב֣וֹת מַטָּעָ֔הּ וְאֶת־תְּעָלֹתֶ֣יהָ שִׁלְחָ֔ה אֶ֖ל כָּל־עֲצֵ֥י הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ # verse = EZK.31.4 1 מַ֣יִם מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=waters|Ref=EZK_31:4!1|MId=o260310040011|Strong=4325 2-3 גִּדְּל֔וּהוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 גִּדְּל֔וּ גָּדַל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they|Ref=EZK_31:4!2|MId=o260310040021|Strong=1431|Frame=A0:260310040011;A1:260310040022;|Type=qatal 3 הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obj _ Gloss=made.it.grow|Ref=EZK_31:4!2|MId=o260310040022|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 4 תְּה֖וֹם תְּהוֹם NOUN _ Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=the.deep|Ref=EZK_31:4!3|MId=o260310040031|Strong=8415 5-6 רֹֽמְמָ֑תְהוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 רֹֽמְמָ֑ת רוּם VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=POLEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=it|Ref=EZK_31:4!4|MId=o260310040041|Strong=7311|Frame=A0:260310040031;A1:260310040042;|Type=qatal 6 ְהוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 obj _ Gloss=raised.it.up|Ref=EZK_31:4!4|MId=o260310040042|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 7 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EZK_31:4!5|MId=o260310040051|Strong=0853|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 נַהֲרֹתֶ֗יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 נַהֲרֹתֶ֗י נָהָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ Gloss=rivers|Ref=EZK_31:4!6|MId=o260310040061|Strong=5104 9 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=EZK_31:4!6|MId=o260310040062|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 10 הֹלֵךְ֙ הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=[was].going|Ref=EZK_31:4!7|MId=o260310040071|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:260310040061;|Type=participle_active 11 סְבִיב֣וֹת סָבִיב ADV _ Number=Plur 10 obl _ Gloss=around|Ref=EZK_31:4!8|MId=o260310040081|Strong=5439 12-13 מַטָּעָ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 מַטָּע מַטָּע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=place|Ref=EZK_31:4!9|MId=o260310040091|Strong=4302 13 ָ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its.planting|Ref=EZK_31:4!9|MId=o260310040092|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 14-15 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_31:4!10|MId=o260310040101|Strong=2050b 15 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=EZK_31:4!10|MId=o260310040102|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 16-17 תְּעָלֹתֶ֣יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 תְּעָלֹתֶ֣י תְּעָלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 18 obj _ Gloss=channels|Ref=EZK_31:4!11|MId=o260310040111|Strong=8585 17 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=EZK_31:4!11|MId=o260310040112|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 18 שִׁלְחָ֔ה שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.sent.out|Ref=EZK_31:4!12|MId=o260310040121|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:260310040031;A1:260310040111;|Type=qatal 19 אֶ֖ל אֶל ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_31:4!13|MId=o260310040131|Strong=0413 20 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=EZK_31:4!14|MId=o260310040141|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 21 עֲצֵ֥י עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.trees|Ref=EZK_31:4!15|MId=o260310040151|Strong=6086 22-23 הַשָּׂדֶֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EZK_31:4!16|MId=o260310040161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 שָּׂדֶֽה שָׂדֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.field|Ref=EZK_31:4!16|MId=o260310040162|Strong=7704 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=EZK_31:4!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | גִּדְּלוּ *they* | qatal · piel | מַיִם *waters* | הוּ *made it grow* | | | | רֹֽמְמָת *it* | qatal · polel | תְּהוֹם *the deep* | ְהוּ *raised it up* | | | | הֹלֵךְ *\[was\] going* | participle active · qal | נַהֲרֹתֶי *rivers* | | | | | שִׁלְחָה *it sent out* | qatal · piel | תְּהוֹם *the deep* | תְּעָלֹתֶי *channels* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} בְּעַמְמַיָא סַגִי בְּסוּמְכְוָתָא תַּקִיף יַת מַלְכַיָא שַׁעְבֵּיד לִתְחוֹת מַלְכוּתֵיהּ וְיַת שִׁלְטוֹנוֹהִי מָנֵי עַל כָּל מְדִינַת אַרְעָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [The waters nourished it, the deep made it to grow; her rivers ran round about her plantation, and she sent out her conduits unto all the trees of the field.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.800/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EZK:769`. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 31:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.31.3/) - next →: [Ezekiel 31:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.31.5/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/31/)