--- title: Ezekiel 32:2 — 'Son of man, take up a lamentation for Pharaoh king of Egypt, and sa… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: 'Son of man, take up a lamentation for Pharaoh king of Egypt, and say unto him: thou didst liken thyself unto a young lion of the nations; whereas thou art as a dragon in the seas; and thou didst gush forth with thy rivers, and didst trouble the waters with thy feet, and foul their rivers. Who acts: --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.32.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/32/) / 32:2 # Ezekiel 32:2 יְחֶזְקֵאל **Who acts:** you, thou · **What happens:** take up, say, liken, be, gush, trouble · **To what, where:** lamentation, thyself, seas, waters, rivers · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Ezekiel 32:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, thou — and what happens in the verse to lamentation, thyself, seas, waters, rivers, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 48 chapters of Ezekiel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. בֶּן־אָדָ֗ם שָׂ֤א קִינָה֙ עַל־פַּרְעֹ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֔יִם וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֔יו כְּפִ֥יר גּוֹיִ֖ם נִדְמֵ֑יתָ וְאַתָּה֙ כַּתַּנִּ֣ים בַּיַּמִּ֔ים וַתָּ֣גַח בְּנַהֲרוֹתֶ֗יךָ וַתִּדְלַח־מַ֙יִם֙ בְּרַגְלֶ֔יךָ וַתִּרְפֹּ֖ס נַהֲרוֹתָֽם׃ ['Son of man, take up a lamentation for Pharaoh king of Egypt, and say unto him: thou didst liken thyself unto a young lion of the nations; whereas thou art as a dragon in the seas; and thou didst gush forth with thy rivers, and didst trouble the waters with thy feet, and foul their rivers.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.817/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EZK:785 # text = בֶּן־אָדָ֗ם שָׂ֤א קִינָה֙ עַל־פַּרְעֹ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֔יִם וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֔יו כְּפִ֥יר גּוֹיִ֖ם נִדְמֵ֑יתָ וְאַתָּה֙ כַּתַּנִּ֣ים בַּיַּמִּ֔ים וַתָּ֣גַח בְּנַהֲרוֹתֶ֗יךָ וַתִּדְלַח־מַ֙יִם֙ בְּרַגְלֶ֔יךָ וַתִּרְפֹּ֖ס נַהֲרוֹתָֽם׃ # verse = EZK.32.2 1 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 dislocated _ Gloss=O.son|Ref=EZK_32:2!1|MId=o260320020011|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 2 אָדָ֗ם אָדָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.humankind|Ref=EZK_32:2!2|MId=o260320020021|Strong=0120 3 שָׂ֤א נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=take.up|Ref=EZK_32:2!3|MId=o260320020031|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:260320020011;A1:260320020041;|Type=imperative 4 קִינָה֙ קִינָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 obj _ Gloss=a.lamentation|Ref=EZK_32:2!4|MId=o260320020041|Strong=7015 5 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EZK_32:2!5|MId=o260320020051|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 6 פַּרְעֹ֣ה פַּרְעֹה PROPN _ _ 3 obl _ Gloss=Pharaoh|Ref=EZK_32:2!6|MId=o260320020061|Strong=6547 7 מֶֽלֶךְ־ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 appos _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=EZK_32:2!7|MId=o260320020071|Strong=4428|SpaceAfter=No 8 מִצְרַ֔יִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Egypt|Ref=EZK_32:2!8|MId=o260320020081|Strong=4714 9-10 וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_32:2!9|MId=o260320020091|Strong=2050b 10 אָמַרְתָּ֣ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 3 conj _ Gloss=you.will.say|Ref=EZK_32:2!9|MId=o260320020092|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:260320020011;|Type=qatal 11-12 אֵלָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 אֵלָ֔י אֶל ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_32:2!10|MId=o260320020101|Strong=0413 12 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=EZK_32:2!10|MId=o260320020102|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 13 כְּפִ֥יר כְּפִיר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obj _ Gloss=a.young.lion|Ref=EZK_32:2!11|MId=o260320020111|Strong=3715 14 גּוֹיִ֖ם גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.nations|Ref=EZK_32:2!12|MId=o260320020121|Strong=1471 15 נִדְמֵ֑יתָ דָּמָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 10 ccomp _ Gloss=you.became.like|Ref=EZK_32:2!13|MId=o260320020131|Strong=1819|Frame=A0:260320020061;A1:260320020111;|Type=qatal 16-17 וְאַתָּה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_32:2!14|MId=o260320020141|Strong=2050b 17 אַתָּה֙ אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=EZK_32:2!14|MId=o260320020142|Strong=0859|Type=personal 18-20 כַּתַּנִּ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=[were].like.(the)|Ref=EZK_32:2!15|MId=o260320020151|Strong=3509a 19 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=sea|Ref=EZK_32:2!15|MId=o260320020151ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 תַּנִּ֣ים תַּנִּים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 conj _ Gloss=monster|Ref=EZK_32:2!15|MId=o260320020152|Strong=8577 21-23 בַּיַּמִּ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EZK_32:2!16|MId=o260320020161|Strong=0871a 22 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZK_32:2!16|MId=o260320020161ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 יַּמִּ֔ים יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 nmod _ Gloss=seas|Ref=EZK_32:2!16|MId=o260320020162|Strong=3220 24-25 וַתָּ֣גַח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_32:2!17|MId=o260320020171|Strong=2050b 25 תָּ֣גַח גִּיחַ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=2 20 conj _ Gloss=you.burst.forth|Ref=EZK_32:2!17|MId=o260320020172|Strong=1518|Frame=A0:260320020061;|Type=wayyiqtol 26-28 בְּנַהֲרוֹתֶ֗יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=EZK_32:2!18|MId=o260320020181|Strong=0871a 27 נַהֲרוֹתֶ֗י נָהָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 25 obl _ Gloss=rivers|Ref=EZK_32:2!18|MId=o260320020182|Strong=5104 28 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=EZK_32:2!18|MId=o260320020183|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 29-30 וַתִּדְלַח־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_32:2!19|MId=o260320020191|Strong=2050b 30 תִּדְלַח־ דָּלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 25 conj _ Gloss=you.made.turbid|Ref=EZK_32:2!19|MId=o260320020192|Strong=1804|Frame=A0:260320020061;A1:260320020201;|Type=wayyiqtol 31 מַ֙יִם֙ מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 30 obj _ Gloss=waters|Ref=EZK_32:2!20|MId=o260320020201|Strong=4325 32-34 בְּרַגְלֶ֔יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=EZK_32:2!21|MId=o260320020211|Strong=0871a 33 רַגְלֶ֔י רֶגֶל NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 30 obl _ Gloss=feet|Ref=EZK_32:2!21|MId=o260320020212|Strong=7272 34 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=EZK_32:2!21|MId=o260320020213|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 35-36 וַתִּרְפֹּ֖ס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_32:2!22|MId=o260320020221|Strong=2050b 36 תִּרְפֹּ֖ס רפס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 25 conj _ Gloss=you.fouled|Ref=EZK_32:2!22|MId=o260320020222|Strong=7515|Frame=A0:260320020061;A1:260320020231;|Type=wayyiqtol 37-38 נַהֲרוֹתָֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 נַהֲרוֹת נָהָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 36 obj _ Gloss=rivers|Ref=EZK_32:2!23|MId=o260320020231|Strong=5104 38 ָֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EZK_32:2!23|MId=o260320020232|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 39 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 38 punct _ Ref=EZK_32:2!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שָׂא *take up* | imperative · qal | בֶּן־ *O son* | קִינָה *a lamentation* | | | | אָמַרְתָּ *you will say* | qatal · qal | בֶּן־ *O son* | | | | | נִדְמֵיתָ *you became like* | qatal · niphal | פַּרְעֹה *Pharaoh* | כְּפִיר *a young lion* | | | | תָּגַח *you burst forth* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | פַּרְעֹה *Pharaoh* | | | | | תִּדְלַח־ *you made turbid* | wayyiqtol · qal | פַּרְעֹה *Pharaoh* | מַיִם *waters* | | | | תִּרְפֹּס *you fouled* | wayyiqtol · qal | פַּרְעֹה *Pharaoh* | נַהֲרוֹת *rivers* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} בַּר אָדָם טוֹל אִלְיָא עַל פַּרְעֹה מַלְכָּא דְמִצְרַיִם וְתֵימַר לֵיהּ תַּקִיף בְּעַמְמַיָא הֲוֵיתָא וְאַתְּ כְּתַנִינָא בְּיַמַיָא וְאַגַחְתָּא בְּמַשְׁרִיתָךְ וַאֲזַעְתָּא עַמְמַיָא בְּסוּמְכְוָתָךְ וְאַחֲרֵיבְתָּא מְדִינַתְהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. ['Son of man, take up a lamentation for Pharaoh king of Egypt, and say unto him: thou didst liken thyself unto a young lion of the nations; whereas thou art as a dragon in the seas; and thou didst gush forth with thy rivers, and didst trouble the waters with thy feet, and foul their rivers.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.817/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EZK:785`. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 32:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.32.1/) - next →: [Ezekiel 32:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.32.3/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 32](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/32/)