--- title: Ezekiel 36:4 — therefore, ye mountains of Israel, hear the word of the Lord GOD: Th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: therefore, ye mountains of Israel, hear the word of the Lord GOD: Thus saith the Lord GOD to the mountains and to the hills, to the streams and to the valleys, to the desolate wastes and to the cities that are forsaken, which are become a prey and derision to the residue of the nations that are roun --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.36.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 36](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/36/) / 36:4 # Ezekiel 36:4 יְחֶזְקֵאל **Who acts:** Lord GOD, nations · **What happens:** hear, say, forsake, become, be, word · **To what, where:** word, mountains, cities, Lord GOD · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Ezekiel 36:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Lord GOD, nations — and what happens in the verse to word, mountains, cities, Lord GOD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 48 chapters of Ezekiel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לָכֵן֙ הָרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שִׁמְע֖וּ דְּבַר־אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְ֠הוִה לֶהָרִ֨ים וְלַגְּבָע֜וֹת לָאֲפִיקִ֣ים וְלַגֵּאָי֗וֹת וְלֶחֳרָב֤וֹת הַשֹּֽׁמְמוֹת֙ וְלֶעָרִ֣ים הַנֶּעֱזָב֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָי֤וּ לְבַז֙ וּלְלַ֔עַג לִשְׁאֵרִ֥ית הַגּוֹיִ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִסָּבִֽיב׃ס [therefore, ye mountains of Israel, hear the word of the Lord GOD: Thus saith the Lord GOD to the mountains and to the hills, to the streams and to the valleys, to the desolate wastes and to the cities that are forsaken, which are become a prey and derision to the residue of the nations that are round about;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.933/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EZK:898 # text = לָכֵן֙ הָרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שִׁמְע֖וּ דְּבַר־אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְ֠הוִה לֶהָרִ֨ים וְלַגְּבָע֜וֹת לָאֲפִיקִ֣ים וְלַגֵּאָי֗וֹת וְלֶחֳרָב֤וֹת הַשֹּֽׁמְמוֹת֙ וְלֶעָרִ֣ים הַנֶּעֱזָב֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָי֤וּ לְבַז֙ וּלְלַ֔עַג לִשְׁאֵרִ֥ית הַגּוֹיִ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִסָּבִֽיב׃ס # verse = EZK.36.4 1-2 לָכֵן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 לָ לָכֵן ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=EZK_36:4!1|MId=o260360040011|Strong=3807a 2 כֵן֙ כֵּן ADV _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=|Ref=EZK_36:4!1|MId=o260360040012|Strong=3651 3 הָרֵ֣י הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 dislocated _ Gloss=O.mountains|Ref=EZK_36:4!2|MId=o260360040021|Strong=2022 4 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=EZK_36:4!3|MId=o260360040031|Strong=3478 5 שִׁמְע֖וּ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 parataxis _ Gloss=hear|Ref=EZK_36:4!4|MId=o260360040041|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:260360040021;A1:260360040051;|Type=imperative 6 דְּבַר־ דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 obj _ Gloss=the.word|Ref=EZK_36:4!5|MId=o260360040051|Strong=1697|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 אֲדֹנָ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 אֲדֹנ אֲדֹנָי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Lord|Ref=EZK_36:4!6|MId=o260360040061|Strong=0136 8 ָ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=of.[the]|Ref=EZK_36:4!6|MId=o260360040062|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 9 יְהוִ֑ה יְהֹוִה PROPN _ _ 7 appos _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EZK_36:4!7|MId=o260360040071|Strong=3069 10 כֹּֽה־ כֹּה ADV _ _ 11 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=EZK_36:4!8|MId=o260360040081|Strong=3541|SpaceAfter=No 11 אָמַ֣ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=EZK_36:4!9|MId=o260360040091|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:260360040101;|Type=qatal 12-13 אֲדֹנָ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 אֲדֹנ אֲדֹנָי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 nsubj _ Gloss=Lord|Ref=EZK_36:4!10|MId=o260360040101|Strong=0136 13 ָ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[the]|Ref=EZK_36:4!10|MId=o260360040102|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 14 יְ֠הוִה יְהֹוִה PROPN _ _ 12 appos _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=EZK_36:4!11|MId=o260360040111|Strong=3069 15-17 לֶהָרִ֨ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לֶ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_36:4!12|MId=o260360040121|Strong=3807a 16 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZK_36:4!12|MId=o260360040121ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 הָרִ֨ים הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 obl _ Gloss=mountains|Ref=EZK_36:4!12|MId=o260360040122|Strong=2022 18-21 וְלַגְּבָע֜וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_36:4!13|MId=o260360040131|Strong=2050b 19 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_36:4!13|MId=o260360040132|Strong=3807a 20 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZK_36:4!13|MId=o260360040132ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 גְּבָע֜וֹת גִּבְעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 17 conj _ Gloss=hills|Ref=EZK_36:4!13|MId=o260360040133|Strong=1389 22-24 לָאֲפִיקִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_36:4!14|MId=o260360040141|Strong=3807a 23 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZK_36:4!14|MId=o260360040141ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 אֲפִיקִ֣ים אָפִיק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 conj _ Gloss=ravines|Ref=EZK_36:4!14|MId=o260360040142|Strong=0650 25-28 וְלַגֵּאָי֗וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_36:4!15|MId=o260360040151|Strong=2050b 26 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_36:4!15|MId=o260360040152|Strong=3807a 27 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZK_36:4!15|MId=o260360040152ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 גֵּאָי֗וֹת גַּיְא NOUN _ Number=Plur 24 conj _ Gloss=valleys|Ref=EZK_36:4!15|MId=o260360040153|Strong=1516 29-32 וְלֶחֳרָב֤וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_36:4!16|MId=o260360040161|Strong=2050b 30 לֶ לְ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_36:4!16|MId=o260360040162|Strong=3807a 31 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=the.waste|Ref=EZK_36:4!16|MId=o260360040162ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 חֳרָב֤וֹת חׇרְבָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 17 conj _ Gloss=places|Ref=EZK_36:4!16|MId=o260360040163|Strong=2723 33-34 הַשֹּֽׁמְמוֹת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 34 mark _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EZK_36:4!17|MId=o260360040171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 34 שֹּֽׁמְמוֹת֙ שָׁמֵם VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 32 acl:relcl _ Gloss=desolate|Ref=EZK_36:4!17|MId=o260360040172|Strong=8074|Frame=A0:260360040164;|Type=participle_active 35-38 וְלֶעָרִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_36:4!18|MId=o260360040181|Strong=2050b 36 לֶ לְ ADP _ _ 38 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_36:4!18|MId=o260360040182|Strong=3807a 37 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 38 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZK_36:4!18|MId=o260360040182ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 38 עָרִ֣ים עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 32 conj _ Gloss=cities|Ref=EZK_36:4!18|MId=o260360040183|Strong=5892 39-40 הַנֶּעֱזָב֔וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 40 mark _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EZK_36:4!19|MId=o260360040191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 40 נֶּעֱזָב֔וֹת עָזַב VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur 38 acl:relcl _ Gloss=forsaken|Ref=EZK_36:4!19|MId=o260360040192|Strong=5800|Frame=A1:260360040184;|Type=participle_passive 41 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 44 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=EZK_36:4!20|MId=o260360040201|Strong=0834|Type=relative 42 הָי֤וּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 44 cop _ Gloss=they.have.become|Ref=EZK_36:4!21|MId=o260360040211|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:260360040123;260360040134;260360040143;260360040154;260360040164;260360040184;|Type=qatal 43-44 לְבַז֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 44 case _ Gloss=(into)|Ref=EZK_36:4!22|MId=o260360040221|Strong=3807a 44 בַז֙ בַּז NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 acl:relcl _ Gloss=spoil|Ref=EZK_36:4!22|MId=o260360040222|Strong=0957 45-47 וּלְלַ֔עַג _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 47 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_36:4!23|MId=o260360040231|Strong=2050b 46 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 47 case _ Gloss=(into)|Ref=EZK_36:4!23|MId=o260360040232|Strong=3807a 47 לַ֔עַג לַעַג NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 44 conj _ Gloss=mockery|Ref=EZK_36:4!23|MId=o260360040233|Strong=3933 48-49 לִשְׁאֵרִ֥ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 49 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_36:4!24|MId=o260360040241|Strong=3807a 49 שְׁאֵרִ֥ית שְׁאֵרִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 44 obl _ Gloss=the.rest|Ref=EZK_36:4!24|MId=o260360040242|Strong=7611 50-51 הַגּוֹיִ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 51 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EZK_36:4!25|MId=o260360040251|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 51 גּוֹיִ֖ם גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 49 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.nations|Ref=EZK_36:4!25|MId=o260360040252|Strong=1471 52 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 54 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=EZK_36:4!26|MId=o260360040261|Strong=0834|Type=relative 53-54 מִסָּבִֽיב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 53 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 54 case _ Gloss=[are].from|Ref=EZK_36:4!27|MId=o260360040271|Strong=4480 54 סָּבִֽיב סָבִיב ADV _ Number=Sing 51 acl:relcl _ Gloss=round.about|Ref=EZK_36:4!27|MId=o260360040272|Strong=5439 55 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 54 punct _ Ref=EZK_36:4!27|SpaceAfter=No 56 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 54 punct _ Ref=EZK_36:4!27 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שִׁמְעוּ *hear* | imperative · qal | הָרֵי *O mountains* | דְּבַר־ *the word* | | | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | אֲדֹנ *Lord* | | | | | שֹּֽׁמְמוֹת *desolate* | participle active · qal | | | | | | נֶּעֱזָבוֹת *forsaken* | participle passive · niphal | | | | | | הָיוּ *they have become* | qatal · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} בְּכֵן טוּרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל קַבִּילוּ פִּתְגָמָא דַייָ אֱלֹהִים כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ אֱלֹהִים לְטוּרַיָא וּלְרָמָתָא לְפַצִידַיָא וּלְחֵילַיָא וּלְחֶרְבָתָא צַדְיָתָא וּלְקִרְוַיָא שְׁבִיקָתָא דַהֲוָאָה לְחוֹךְ וּלְלָעָב לִשְׁאָרָא דְעַמְמַיָא דְמִסְחוֹר סְחוֹר: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [therefore, ye mountains of Israel, hear the word of the Lord GOD: Thus saith the Lord GOD to the mountains and to the hills, to the streams and to the valleys, to the desolate wastes and to the cities that are forsaken, which are become a prey and derision to the residue of the nations that are round about;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.933/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EZK:898`. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 36:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.36.3/) - next →: [Ezekiel 36:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.36.5/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 36](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/36/)