--- title: Ezekiel 38:16 — and thou shalt come up against My people Israel, as a cloud to cover… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: and thou shalt come up against My people Israel, as a cloud to cover the land; it shall be in the end of days, and I will bring thee against My land, that the nations may know Me, when I shall be sanctified through thee, O Gog, before their eyes. Who acts: thou, land, I, nations. Ezekiel 38:16 in He --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.38.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Ezekiel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/) / [chapter 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/38/) / 38:16 # Ezekiel 38:16 יְחֶזְקֵאל **Who acts:** thou, land, I, nations · **What happens:** come up, cover, be, bring, know, sanctify · **To what, where:** land, end, thee, Me, I This is Ezekiel 38:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — thou, land, I, nations — and what happens in the verse to land, end, thee, Me, I, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 48 chapters of Ezekiel on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְעָלִ֙יתָ֙ עַל־עַמִּ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כֶּֽעָנָ֖ן לְכַסּ֣וֹת הָאָ֑רֶץ בְּאַחֲרִ֨ית הַיָּמִ֜ים תִּֽהְיֶ֗ה וַהֲבִאוֹתִ֙יךָ֙ עַל־אַרְצִ֔י לְמַעַן֩ דַּ֨עַת הַגּוֹיִ֜ם אֹתִ֗י בְּהִקָּדְשִׁ֥י בְךָ֛ לְעֵינֵיהֶ֖ם גּֽוֹג׃ס [and thou shalt come up against My people Israel, as a cloud to cover the land; it shall be in the end of days, and I will bring thee against My land, that the nations may know Me, when I shall be sanctified through thee, O Gog, before their eyes.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.1011/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:EZK:976 # text = וְעָלִ֙יתָ֙ עַל־עַמִּ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כֶּֽעָנָ֖ן לְכַסּ֣וֹת הָאָ֑רֶץ בְּאַחֲרִ֨ית הַיָּמִ֜ים תִּֽהְיֶ֗ה וַהֲבִאוֹתִ֙יךָ֙ עַל־אַרְצִ֔י לְמַעַן֩ דַּ֨עַת הַגּוֹיִ֜ם אֹתִ֗י בְּהִקָּדְשִׁ֥י בְךָ֛ לְעֵינֵיהֶ֖ם גּֽוֹג׃ס # verse = EZK.38.16 1-2 וְעָלִ֙יתָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_38:16!1|MId=o260380160011|Strong=2050b 2 עָלִ֙יתָ֙ עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=you.will.go.up|Ref=EZK_38:16!1|MId=o260380160012|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:260380140062;260380150062;|Type=weqatal 3 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EZK_38:16!2|MId=o260380160021|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 עַמִּ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 עַמּ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=people|Ref=EZK_38:16!3|MId=o260380160031|Strong=5971 5 ִ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=EZK_38:16!3|MId=o260380160032|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 6 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 4 appos _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=EZK_38:16!4|MId=o260380160041|Strong=3478 7-9 כֶּֽעָנָ֖ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 כֶּֽ כְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=EZK_38:16!5|MId=o260380160051|Strong=3509a 8 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=EZK_38:16!5|MId=o260380160051ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 עָנָ֖ן עָנָן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=cloud|Ref=EZK_38:16!5|MId=o260380160052|Strong=6051 10-11 לְכַסּ֣וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_38:16!6|MId=o260380160061|Strong=3807a 11 כַסּ֣וֹת כָּסָה VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 2 advcl _ Gloss=cover|Ref=EZK_38:16!6|MId=o260380160062|Strong=3680|Frame=A0:260380140062;260380150062;A1:260380160072;|Type=infinitive_construct 12-13 הָאָ֑רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZK_38:16!7|MId=o260380160071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 אָ֑רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 11 obj _ Gloss=land|Ref=EZK_38:16!7|MId=o260380160072|Strong=0776 14-15 בְּאַחֲרִ֨ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=EZK_38:16!8|MId=o260380160081|Strong=0871a 15 אַחֲרִ֨ית אַחֲרִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=the.end|Ref=EZK_38:16!8|MId=o260380160082|Strong=0319 16-17 הַיָּמִ֜ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=EZK_38:16!9|MId=o260380160091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 יָּמִ֜ים יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.days|Ref=EZK_38:16!9|MId=o260380160092|Strong=3117 18 תִּֽהְיֶ֗ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 15 cop _ Gloss=it.will.happen|Ref=EZK_38:16!10|MId=o260380160101|Strong=1961|Type=yiqtol 19-21 וַהֲבִאוֹתִ֙יךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=EZK_38:16!11|MId=o260380160111|Strong=2050b 20 הֲבִאוֹתִ֙י בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I|Ref=EZK_38:16!11|MId=o260380160112|Strong=0935|Frame=AA:260380140091;A0:260380160113;|Type=weqatal 21 ךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 20 obj _ Gloss=will.bring.you|Ref=EZK_38:16!11|MId=o260380160113|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 22 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=EZK_38:16!12|MId=o260380160121|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 23-24 אַרְצִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 אַרְצ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=land|Ref=EZK_38:16!13|MId=o260380160131|Strong=0776 24 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=EZK_38:16!13|MId=o260380160132|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 25 לְמַעַן֩ לְמַעַן SCONJ _ _ 26 mark _ Gloss=so.as|Ref=EZK_38:16!14|MId=o260380160141|Strong=4616 26 דַּ֨עַת יָדַע VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 20 advcl _ Gloss=to.know|Ref=EZK_38:16!15|MId=o260380160151|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:260380160162;A1:260380160172;|Type=infinitive_construct 27-28 הַגּוֹיִ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=EZK_38:16!16|MId=o260380160161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 גּוֹיִ֜ם גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ Gloss=nations|Ref=EZK_38:16!16|MId=o260380160162|Strong=1471 29-30 אֹתִ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=|Ref=EZK_38:16!17|MId=o260380160171|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 30 ִ֗י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 26 obj _ Gloss=me|Ref=EZK_38:16!17|MId=o260380160172|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 31-33 בְּהִקָּדְשִׁ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=when|Ref=EZK_38:16!18|MId=o260380160181|Strong=0871a 32 הִקָּדְשׁ קָדַשׁ VERB _ HebBinyan=NIPHAL 26 advcl _ Gloss=I|Ref=EZK_38:16!18|MId=o260380160182|Strong=6942|Frame=A0:260380160183;|Type=infinitive_construct 33 ִ֥י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ Gloss=show.myself.holy|Ref=EZK_38:16!18|MId=o260380160183|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 34-35 בְךָ֛ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=EZK_38:16!19|MId=o260380160191|Strong=0871a 35 ְךָ֛ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 32 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=EZK_38:16!19|MId=o260380160192|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 36-38 לְעֵינֵיהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 37 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=EZK_38:16!20|MId=o260380160201|Strong=3807a 37 עֵינֵי עַיִן NOUN _ Number=Dual 32 obl _ Gloss=eyes|Ref=EZK_38:16!20|MId=o260380160202|Strong=5869 38 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=EZK_38:16!20|MId=o260380160203|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 39 גּֽוֹג גּוֹג PROPN _ _ 20 parataxis _ Gloss=O.Gog|Ref=EZK_38:16!21|MId=o260380160211|Strong=1463|SpaceAfter=No 40 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=EZK_38:16!21|SpaceAfter=No 41 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=EZK_38:16!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no - indirect: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עָלִיתָ *you will go up* | weqatal · qal | | | | | | כַסּוֹת *cover* | infinitive construct · piel | | אָרֶץ *land* | | | | הֲבִאוֹתִי *I* | weqatal · hiphil | ךָ *will bring you* | | | | | דַּעַת *to know* | infinitive construct · qal | גּוֹיִם *nations* | ִי *me* | | | | הִקָּדְשׁ *I* | infinitive construct · niphal | ִי *show myself holy* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְתִיסַק עַל עַמִי יִשְׂרָאֵל כַּעֲנָנָא דְסָלֵיק וְחָפֵי יַת אַרְעָא בְּסוֹף יוֹמַיָא תְּהֵי וְאַיְתִינָךְ עַל אַרְעָא בֵּית שְׁכִנְתִּי בְּדִיל דְיִדְעוּן עַמְמַיָא פּוּרְעֲנוּת גְבוּרְתִּי כַּד אִתְקַדֵשׁ בָּךְ דִיהוֹן חָזָן בְּפוּרְעֲנוּתָךְ גוֹג: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [and thou shalt come up against My people Israel, as a cloud to cover the land; it shall be in the end of days, and I will bring thee against My land, that the nations may know Me, when I shall be sanctified through thee, O Gog, before their eyes.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/EZK.1011/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:EZK:976`. - ← previous: [Ezekiel 38:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.38.15/) - next →: [Ezekiel 38:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK.38.17/) - ↑ back to [Ezekiel 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/EZK/38/)