--- title: Habakkuk 2:18 — What profiteth the graven image, that the maker thereof hath graven… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: What profiteth the graven image, that the maker thereof hath graven it, even the molten image, and the teacher of lies; that the maker of his work trusteth therein, to make dumb idols? Who acts: graven image, maker. Habakkuk 2:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HAB.2.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Habakkuk](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HAB/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HAB/2/) / 2:18 # Habakkuk 2:18 חֲבַקּוּק **Who acts:** graven image, maker · **What happens:** profit, grave, trust, make, work · **To what, where:** image, dumb idols This is Habakkuk 2:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — graven image, maker — and what happens in the verse to image, dumb idols, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Habakkuk on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. מָֽה־הוֹעִ֣יל פֶּ֗סֶל כִּ֤י פְסָלוֹ֙ יֹֽצְר֔וֹ מַסֵּכָ֖ה וּמ֣וֹרֶה שָּׁ֑קֶר כִּ֣י בָטַ֞ח יֹצֵ֤ר יִצְרוֹ֙ עָלָ֔יו לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת אֱלִילִ֥ים אִלְּמִֽים׃ס [What profiteth the graven image, that the maker thereof hath graven it, even the molten image, and the teacher of lies; that the maker of his work trusteth therein, to make dumb idols?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HAB.38/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:HAB:34 # text = מָֽה־הוֹעִ֣יל פֶּ֗סֶל כִּ֤י פְסָלוֹ֙ יֹֽצְר֔וֹ מַסֵּכָ֖ה וּמ֣וֹרֶה שָּׁ֑קֶר כִּ֣י בָטַ֞ח יֹצֵ֤ר יִצְרוֹ֙ עָלָ֔יו לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת אֱלִילִ֥ים אִלְּמִֽים׃ס # verse = HAB.2.18 1 מָֽה־ מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 2 obj _ Gloss=what?|Ref=HAB_2:18!1|MId=o350020180011|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative|SpaceAfter=No 2 הוֹעִ֣יל יָעַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=does.it.profit|Ref=HAB_2:18!2|MId=o350020180021|Strong=3276|Frame=A0:350020180011;AA:350020180031;|Type=qatal 3 פֶּ֗סֶל פֶּסֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=a.carved.image|Ref=HAB_2:18!3|MId=o350020180031|Strong=6459 4 כִּ֤י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 5 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=HAB_2:18!4|MId=o350020180041|Strong=3588 5-6 פְסָלוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 פְסָל פָּסַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=he|Ref=HAB_2:18!5|MId=o350020180051|Strong=6458|Frame=A1:350020180052;A0:350020180061;|Type=qatal 6 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 obj _ Gloss=has.carved.it|Ref=HAB_2:18!5|MId=o350020180052|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7-8 יֹֽצְר֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 יֹֽצְר יֵצֶר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=[the|Ref=HAB_2:18!6|MId=o350020180061|Strong=3335|Frame=A1:350020180062;|Type=participle_active 8 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=one.who].formed.it|Ref=HAB_2:18!6|MId=o350020180062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 9 מַסֵּכָ֖ה מַסֵּכָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=a.molten.image|Ref=HAB_2:18!7|MId=o350020180071|Strong=4541 10-11 וּמ֣וֹרֶה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=HAB_2:18!8|MId=o350020180081|Strong=2050b 11 מ֣וֹרֶה יָרָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 9 conj _ Gloss=[that.which].teaches|Ref=HAB_2:18!8|MId=o350020180082|Strong=3384b|Frame=AA:350020180031;A0:350020180091;|Type=participle_active 12 שָּׁ֑קֶר שֶׁקֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obj _ Gloss=falsehood|Ref=HAB_2:18!9|MId=o350020180091|Strong=8267 13 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 14 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=HAB_2:18!10|MId=o350020180101|Strong=3588 14 בָטַ֞ח בָּטַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=he.relies|Ref=HAB_2:18!11|MId=o350020180111|Strong=0982|Frame=A0:350020180121;|Type=qatal 15 יֹצֵ֤ר יָצַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ Gloss=[the.one.who].formed|Ref=HAB_2:18!12|MId=o350020180121|Strong=3335|Frame=A1:350020180131;|Type=participle_active 16-17 יִצְרוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 יִצְר יֵצֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obj _ Gloss=form|Ref=HAB_2:18!13|MId=o350020180131|Strong=3336 17 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=HAB_2:18!13|MId=o350020180132|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18-19 עָלָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 עָלָ֔י עַל ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=HAB_2:18!14|MId=o350020180141|Strong=5921 19 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=HAB_2:18!14|MId=o350020180142|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 20-21 לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=HAB_2:18!15|MId=o350020180151|Strong=3807a 21 עֲשׂ֖וֹת עָשָׂה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 14 advcl _ Gloss=make|Ref=HAB_2:18!15|MId=o350020180152|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:350020180121;A1:350020180161;|Type=infinitive_construct 22 אֱלִילִ֥ים אֱלִיל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 obj _ Gloss=idols|Ref=HAB_2:18!16|MId=o350020180161|Strong=0457 23 אִלְּמִֽים אִלֵּם ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 amod _ Gloss=dumb|Ref=HAB_2:18!17|MId=o350020180171|Strong=0483|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=HAB_2:18!17|SpaceAfter=No 25 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=HAB_2:18!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הוֹעִיל *does it profit* | qatal · hiphil | מָֽה־ *what?* | | | פֶּסֶל *a carved image* | | פְסָל *he* | qatal · qal | יֹֽצְר *\[the* | וֹ *has carved it* | | | | יֹֽצְר *\[the* | participle active · qal | | וֹ *one who\] formed it* | | | | מוֹרֶה *\[that which\] teaches* | participle active · hiphil | שָּׁקֶר *falsehood* | | | פֶּסֶל *a carved image* | | בָטַח *he relies* | qatal · qal | יֹצֵר *\[the one who\] formed* | | | | | יֹצֵר *\[the one who\] formed* | participle active · qal | | יִצְר *form* | | | | עֲשׂוֹת *make* | infinitive construct · qal | יֹצֵר *\[the one who\] formed* | אֱלִילִים *idols* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} מָא אַהֲנֵי צְלָמָא אֲרֵי אַתְּכֵיהּ עָבְדֵי מַתְּכָא וְדַחֲלַת שְׁקַר אֲרֵי אִתְרְחִיץ לִבָּא דְעָבְדֵיהּ עֲלוֹהִי לְמֶעְבַּד טַעֲוָן דְלֵית בְּהוֹ צְרוֹךְ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [What profiteth the graven image, that the maker thereof hath graven it, even the molten image, and the teacher of lies; that the maker of his work trusteth therein, to make dumb idols?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HAB.38/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:HAB:34`. - ← previous: [Habakkuk 2:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HAB.2.17/) - next →: [Habakkuk 2:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HAB.2.19/) - ↑ back to [Habakkuk 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HAB/2/)