--- title: Hosea 1:2 — When the LORD spoke at first with Hosea, the LORD said unto Hosea: '… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: When the LORD spoke at first with Hosea, the LORD said unto Hosea: 'Go, take unto thee a wife of harlotry and children of harlotry; for the land doth commit great harlotry, departing from the LORD.' Who acts: LORD, land. Hosea 1:2 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.1.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Hosea](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/1/) / 1:2 # Hosea 1:2 הוֹשֵׁעַ **Who acts:** LORD, land · **What happens:** speak, say, go, take, commit, depart · **To what, where:** wife, great harlotry · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Hosea 1:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, land — and what happens in the verse to wife, great harlotry, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 14 chapters of Hosea on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. תְּחִלַּ֥ת דִּבֶּר־יְהוָ֖ה בְּהוֹשֵׁ֑עַפ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־הוֹשֵׁ֗עַ לֵ֣ךְ קַח־לְךָ֞ אֵ֤שֶׁת זְנוּנִים֙ וְיַלְדֵ֣י זְנוּנִ֔ים כִּֽי־זָנֹ֤ה תִזְנֶה֙ הָאָ֔רֶץ מֵֽאַחֲרֵ֖י יְהוָֽה׃ [When the LORD spoke at first with Hosea, the LORD said unto Hosea: 'Go, take unto thee a wife of harlotry and children of harlotry; for the land doth commit great harlotry, departing from the LORD.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.1/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:HOS:1 # text = תְּחִלַּ֥ת דִּבֶּר־יְהוָ֖ה בְּהוֹשֵׁ֑עַפ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־הוֹשֵׁ֗עַ לֵ֣ךְ קַח־לְךָ֞ אֵ֤שֶׁת זְנוּנִים֙ וְיַלְדֵ֣י זְנוּנִ֔ים כִּֽי־זָנֹ֤ה תִזְנֶה֙ הָאָ֔רֶץ מֵֽאַחֲרֵ֖י יְהוָֽה׃ # verse = HOS.1.2 1 תְּחִלַּ֥ת תְּחִלָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[the].beginning|Ref=HOS_1:2!1|MId=o280010020011|Strong=8462 2 דִּבֶּר־ דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 acl _ Gloss=(of).[when].he.spoke|Ref=HOS_1:2!2|MId=o280010020021|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:280010020031;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 3 יְהוָ֖ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=HOS_1:2!3|MId=o280010020031|Strong=3068 4-5 בְּהוֹשֵׁ֑עַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=HOS_1:2!4|MId=o280010020041|Strong=0871a 5 הוֹשֵׁ֑עַ הוֹשֵׁעַ PROPN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=Hosea|Ref=HOS_1:2!4|MId=o280010020042|Strong=1954 6 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 5 punct _ Ref=HOS_1:2!4 7-8 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=HOS_1:2!5|MId=o280010020051|Strong=2050b 8 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=HOS_1:2!5|MId=o280010020052|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:280010020071;|Type=wayyiqtol 9 יְהוָ֜ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 8 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=HOS_1:2!6|MId=o280010020061|Strong=3068 10 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=HOS_1:2!7|MId=o280010020071|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 11 הוֹשֵׁ֗עַ הוֹשֵׁעַ PROPN _ _ 8 obl _ Gloss=Hosea|Ref=HOS_1:2!8|MId=o280010020081|Strong=1954 12 לֵ֣ךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 8 ccomp _ Gloss=go|Ref=HOS_1:2!9|MId=o280010020091|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:280010020091;|Type=imperative 13 קַח־ לָקַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 12 parataxis _ Gloss=take|Ref=HOS_1:2!10|MId=o280010020101|Strong=3947|Frame=A0:280010020091;A1:280010020131;280010020152;|Type=imperative|SpaceAfter=No 14-15 לְךָ֞ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 ל לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=HOS_1:2!11|MId=o280010020111|Strong=3807a 15 ְךָ֞ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 13 obl _ Gloss=yourself|Ref=HOS_1:2!11|MId=o280010020112|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 16 אֵ֤שֶׁת אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 obj _ Gloss=a.wife|Ref=HOS_1:2!12|MId=o280010020121|Strong=0802 17 זְנוּנִים֙ זְנוּנִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.prostitution(s)|Ref=HOS_1:2!13|MId=o280010020131|Strong=2183 18-19 וְיַלְדֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=HOS_1:2!14|MId=o280010020141|Strong=2050b 19 יַלְדֵ֣י יֶלֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 conj _ Gloss=children|Ref=HOS_1:2!14|MId=o280010020142|Strong=3206 20 זְנוּנִ֔ים זְנוּנִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.prostitution(s)|Ref=HOS_1:2!15|MId=o280010020151|Strong=2183 21 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 23 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=HOS_1:2!16|MId=o280010020161|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 22 זָנֹ֤ה זָנָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 23 obl:npmod _ Gloss=continually.(prostitute.itself)|Ref=HOS_1:2!17|MId=o280010020171|Strong=2181|Type=infinitive_absolute 23 תִזְנֶה֙ זָנָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 12 advcl _ Gloss=it.prostitutes.itself|Ref=HOS_1:2!18|MId=o280010020181|Strong=2181|Frame=A0:280010020202;|Type=yiqtol 24-25 הָאָ֔רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=HOS_1:2!19|MId=o280010020191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 אָ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ Gloss=land|Ref=HOS_1:2!19|MId=o280010020192|Strong=0776 26-27 מֵֽאַחֲרֵ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=HOS_1:2!20|MId=o280010020201|Strong=4480 27 אַחֲרֵ֖י אַחַר ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=after|Ref=HOS_1:2!20|MId=o280010020202|Strong=0310 28 יְהוָֽה יהוה PROPN _ _ 23 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=HOS_1:2!21|MId=o280010020211|Strong=3068|SpaceAfter=No 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=HOS_1:2!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | דִּבֶּר־ *(of) \[when\] he spoke* | qatal · piel | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֶל־ *to* | | | | | לֵךְ *go* | imperative · qal | לֵךְ *go* | | | | | קַח־ *take* | imperative · qal | לֵךְ *go* | זְנוּנִים *of prostitution(s)* | | | | תִזְנֶה *it prostitutes itself* | yiqtol · qal | אַחֲרֵי *after* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} שְׁרָיוּת פִּתְגָמָא דַייָ בְּהוֹשֵׁעַ וַאֲמַר יְיָ לְהוֹשֵׁעַ אֱזֵיל אִתְנַבֵּי נְבוּאָה עַל יָתְבֵי קַרְתָּא טַעֲוָתָא דְאִינוּן מוֹסִיפִין לְמֶחְטֵי אֲרֵי מִטְעָא יִטְעוּן דַיְרֵי אַרְעָא מִבָּתַר פּוּלְחָנָא דַיָי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [When the LORD spoke at first with Hosea, the LORD said unto Hosea: 'Go, take unto thee a wife of harlotry and children of harlotry; for the land doth commit great harlotry, departing from the LORD.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.1/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:HOS:1`. - ← previous: [Hosea 1:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.1.1/) - next →: [Hosea 1:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.1.3/) - ↑ back to [Hosea 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/1/)