--- title: Hosea 10:11 — And Ephraim is a heifer well broken, that loveth to thresh, and I ha… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Ephraim is a heifer well broken, that loveth to thresh, and I have passed over upon her fair neck; I will make Ephraim to ride, Judah shall plow, Jacob shall break his clods. Who acts: Ephraim, heifer, I, Judah. Hosea 10:11 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.10.11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Hosea](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/10/) / 10:11 # Hosea 10:11 הוֹשֵׁעַ **Who acts:** Ephraim, heifer, I, Judah, Jacob · **What happens:** be, break, love, thresh, pass over, make · **To what, where:** heifer, fair neck, Ephraim, clods This is Hosea 10:11 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Ephraim, heifer, I, Judah, Jacob — and what happens in the verse to heifer, fair neck, Ephraim, clods, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 14 chapters of Hosea on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאֶפְרַ֜יִם עֶגְלָ֤ה מְלֻמָּדָה֙ אֹהַ֣בְתִּי לָד֔וּשׁ וַאֲנִ֣י עָבַ֔רְתִּי עַל־ט֖וּב צַוָּארָ֑הּ אַרְכִּ֤יב אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ יַחֲר֣וֹשׁ יְהוּדָ֔ה יְשַׂדֶּד־ל֖וֹ יַעֲקֹֽב׃ [And Ephraim is a heifer well broken, that loveth to thresh, and I have passed over upon her fair neck; I will make Ephraim to ride, Judah shall plow, Jacob shall break his clods.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.149/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:HOS:141 # text = וְאֶפְרַ֜יִם עֶגְלָ֤ה מְלֻמָּדָה֙ אֹהַ֣בְתִּי לָד֔וּשׁ וַאֲנִ֣י עָבַ֔רְתִּי עַל־ט֖וּב צַוָּארָ֑הּ אַרְכִּ֤יב אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ יַחֲר֣וֹשׁ יְהוּדָ֔ה יְשַׂדֶּד־ל֖וֹ יַעֲקֹֽב׃ # verse = HOS.10.11 1-2 וְאֶפְרַ֜יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=HOS_10:11!1|MId=o280100110011|Strong=2050b 2 אֶפְרַ֜יִם אֶפְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=Ephraim|Ref=HOS_10:11!1|MId=o280100110012|Strong=0669 3 עֶגְלָ֤ה עֶגְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[was].a.heifer|Ref=HOS_10:11!2|MId=o280100110021|Strong=5697 4 מְלֻמָּדָה֙ לָמַד VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PUAL|Number=Sing 3 nmod _ Gloss=trained|Ref=HOS_10:11!3|MId=o280100110031|Strong=3925|Frame=A1:280100110021;|Type=participle_passive 5 אֹהַ֣בְתִּי אָהֵב VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[which].loved|Ref=HOS_10:11!4|MId=o280100110041|Strong=0157|Frame=A0:280100110021;|Type=participle_active 6-7 לָד֔וּשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=HOS_10:11!5|MId=o280100110051|Strong=3807a 7 ד֔וּשׁ דּוּשׁ VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 5 advcl _ Gloss=thresh|Ref=HOS_10:11!5|MId=o280100110052|Strong=1758|Frame=A0:280100110021;|Type=infinitive_construct 8-9 וַאֲנִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=HOS_10:11!6|MId=o280100110061|Strong=2050b 9 אֲנִ֣י אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=HOS_10:11!6|MId=o280100110062|Strong=0589|Type=personal 10 עָבַ֔רְתִּי עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 conj _ Gloss=I.passed|Ref=HOS_10:11!7|MId=o280100110071|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:280100110062;|Type=qatal 11 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=HOS_10:11!8|MId=o280100110081|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 12 ט֖וּב טוּב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=the.goodness|Ref=HOS_10:11!9|MId=o280100110091|Strong=2898 13-14 צַוָּארָ֑הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 צַוָּאר צַוַּאר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=its.neck|Ref=HOS_10:11!10|MId=o280100110101|Strong=6677 14 ָ֑הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=HOS_10:11!10|MId=o280100110102|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 15 אַרְכִּ֤יב רָכַב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 parataxis _ Gloss=I.will.cause.to.draw|Ref=HOS_10:11!11|MId=o280100110111|Strong=7392|Frame=AA:280100030111;A0:280100110121;|Type=yiqtol 16 אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ אֶפְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 15 obj _ Gloss=Ephraim|Ref=HOS_10:11!12|MId=o280100110121|Strong=0669 17 יַחֲר֣וֹשׁ חָרַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 parataxis _ Gloss=it.will.plow|Ref=HOS_10:11!13|MId=o280100110131|Strong=2790|Frame=A0:280100110141;|Type=yiqtol 18 יְהוּדָ֔ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 17 nsubj _ Gloss=Judah|Ref=HOS_10:11!14|MId=o280100110141|Strong=3063 19 יְשַׂדֶּד־ שָׂדַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 parataxis _ Gloss=it.will.harrow|Ref=HOS_10:11!15|MId=o280100110151|Strong=7702|Frame=A0:280100110171;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 20-21 ל֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 ל לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=(for|Ref=HOS_10:11!16|MId=o280100110161|Strong=3807a 21 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 obl _ Gloss=itself|Ref=HOS_10:11!16|MId=o280100110162|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 22 יַעֲקֹֽב יַעֲקֹב PROPN _ _ 19 nsubj _ Gloss=Jacob|Ref=HOS_10:11!17|MId=o280100110171|Strong=3290|SpaceAfter=No 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=HOS_10:11!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מְלֻמָּדָה *trained* | participle passive · pual | | עֶגְלָה *\[was\] a heifer* | | | | אֹהַבְתִּי *\[which\] loved* | participle active · qal | עֶגְלָה *\[was\] a heifer* | | | | | דוּשׁ *thresh* | infinitive construct · qal | עֶגְלָה *\[was\] a heifer* | | | | | עָבַרְתִּי *I passed* | qatal · qal | אֲנִי *I* | | | | | אַרְכִּיב *I will cause to draw* | yiqtol · hiphil | אֶפְרַיִם *Ephraim* | | | | | יַחֲרוֹשׁ *it will plow* | yiqtol · qal | יְהוּדָה *Judah* | | | | | יְשַׂדֶּד־ *it will harrow* | yiqtol · piel | יַעֲקֹֽב *Jacob* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} כְּנִשְׁתָּא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל דַמְיָא לְעֶגְלָתָא דְמַלְפִין לָהּ לְמַירְדֵי וְלָא אַלְפָא רָחֲמָא לְהֵלָכָא בִּרְעוּת נַפְשָׁהּ וַאֲנָא פָרְקֵית יַתְהוֹן מִשְׁעַבּוּד מִצְרַיִם אַעְדֵיתִי נִיר תְּקוֹף מִצַוְרֵיהוֹן אַשְׁרֵיתִי בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל עַל תְּקוֹף אַרְעָא דֶאֱמוֹרָאָה כְּבִישִׁין קָדְמֵיהוֹן דְבֵית יְהוּדָה אַחְסְנֵית יַתְהוֹן אַחְסַנְתָּא דְקַיְמֵית לַאֲבוּהוֹן יַעֲקֹב: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Ephraim is a heifer well broken, that loveth to thresh, and I have passed over upon her fair neck; I will make Ephraim to ride, Judah shall plow, Jacob shall break his clods.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.149/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:HOS:141`. - ← previous: [Hosea 10:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.10.10/) - next →: [Hosea 10:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.10.12/) - ↑ back to [Hosea 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/10/)