--- title: Hosea 10:12 — Sow to yourselves according to righteousness, reap according to merc… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Sow to yourselves according to righteousness, reap according to mercy, break up your fallow ground; for it is time to seek the LORD, till He come and cause righteousness to rain upon you. Who acts: you, ground, Judah, righteousness. Hosea 10:12 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JP --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.10.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Hosea](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/10/) / 10:12 # Hosea 10:12 הוֹשֵׁעַ **Who acts:** you, ground, Judah, righteousness · **What happens:** sow, accord, reap, break up, be, seek · **To what, where:** yourselves, fallow ground, time, LORD, righteousness This is Hosea 10:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, ground, Judah, righteousness — and what happens in the verse to yourselves, fallow ground, time, LORD, righteousness, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 14 chapters of Hosea on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. זִרְע֨וּ לָכֶ֤ם לִצְדָקָה֙ קִצְר֣וּ לְפִי־חֶ֔סֶד נִ֥ירוּ לָכֶ֖ם נִ֑יר וְעֵת֙ לִדְר֣וֹשׁ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה עַד־יָב֕וֹא וְיֹרֶ֥ה צֶ֖דֶק לָכֶֽם׃ [Sow to yourselves according to righteousness, reap according to mercy, break up your fallow ground; for it is time to seek the LORD, till He come and cause righteousness to rain upon you.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.150/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:HOS:142 # text = זִרְע֨וּ לָכֶ֤ם לִצְדָקָה֙ קִצְר֣וּ לְפִי־חֶ֔סֶד נִ֥ירוּ לָכֶ֖ם נִ֑יר וְעֵת֙ לִדְר֣וֹשׁ אֶת־יְהוָ֔ה עַד־יָב֕וֹא וְיֹרֶ֥ה צֶ֖דֶק לָכֶֽם׃ # verse = HOS.10.12 1 זִרְע֨וּ זָרַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=sow|Ref=HOS_10:12!1|MId=o280100120011|Strong=2232|Frame=A0:280100110171;|Type=imperative 2-3 לָכֶ֤ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 ל לְ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=(for|Ref=HOS_10:12!2|MId=o280100120021|Strong=3807a 3 ָכֶ֤ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 1 obl _ Gloss=yourselves|Ref=HOS_10:12!2|MId=o280100120022|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 4-5 לִצְדָקָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=HOS_10:12!3|MId=o280100120031|Strong=3807a 5 צְדָקָה֙ צְדָקָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 1 obl _ Gloss=righteousness|Ref=HOS_10:12!3|MId=o280100120032|Strong=6666 6 קִצְר֣וּ קָצַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 1 parataxis _ Gloss=reap|Ref=HOS_10:12!4|MId=o280100120041|Strong=7114|Frame=A0:280100110171;|Type=imperative 7-8 לְפִי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(to).a|Ref=HOS_10:12!5|MId=o280100120051|Strong=3807a 8 פִי־ פֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=mouth|Ref=HOS_10:12!5|MId=o280100120052|Strong=6310 9 חֶ֔סֶד חֶסֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.loyalty|Ref=HOS_10:12!6|MId=o280100120061|Strong=2617 10 נִ֥ירוּ נִיר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 1 parataxis _ Gloss=plow|Ref=HOS_10:12!7|MId=o280100120071|Strong=5214|Frame=A0:280100110171;A1:280100120091;|Type=imperative 11-12 לָכֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 ל לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=(for|Ref=HOS_10:12!8|MId=o280100120081|Strong=3807a 12 ָכֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 10 obl _ Gloss=yourselves|Ref=HOS_10:12!8|MId=o280100120082|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 13 נִ֑יר נִיר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obj _ Gloss=unplowed.ground|Ref=HOS_10:12!9|MId=o280100120091|Strong=5215 14-15 וְעֵת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=HOS_10:12!10|MId=o280100120101|Strong=2050b 15 עֵת֙ עֵת NOUN _ Number=Sing 1 conj _ Gloss=[it.is].time|Ref=HOS_10:12!10|MId=o280100120102|Strong=6256 16-17 לִדְר֣וֹשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=HOS_10:12!11|MId=o280100120111|Strong=3807a 17 דְר֣וֹשׁ דָּרַשׁ VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 15 advcl _ Gloss=seek|Ref=HOS_10:12!11|MId=o280100120112|Strong=1875|Frame=A0:280100110171;A1:280100120131;|Type=infinitive_construct 18 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=HOS_10:12!12|MId=o280100120121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 19 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 17 obj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=HOS_10:12!13|MId=o280100120131|Strong=3068 20 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=HOS_10:12!14|MId=o280100120141|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 21 יָב֕וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=he.will.come|Ref=HOS_10:12!15|MId=o280100120151|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:280100120131;|Type=yiqtol 22-23 וְיֹרֶ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=HOS_10:12!16|MId=o280100120161|Strong=2050b 23 יֹרֶ֥ה יָרָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 21 conj _ Gloss=he.will.rain.down|Ref=HOS_10:12!16|MId=o280100120162|Strong=3384a|Frame=AA:280100120131;A0:280100120171;|Type=yiqtol 24 צֶ֖דֶק צֶדֶק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obj _ Gloss=righteousness|Ref=HOS_10:12!17|MId=o280100120171|Strong=6664 25-26 לָכֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 ל לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=HOS_10:12!18|MId=o280100120181|Strong=3807a 26 ָכֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 23 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=HOS_10:12!18|MId=o280100120182|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=HOS_10:12!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | זִרְעוּ *sow* | imperative · qal | | | | | | קִצְרוּ *reap* | imperative · qal | | | | | | נִירוּ *plow* | imperative · qal | | נִיר *unplowed ground* | | | | דְרוֹשׁ *seek* | infinitive construct · qal | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | יָבוֹא *he will come* | yiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | יֹרֶה *he will rain down* | yiqtol · hiphil | צֶדֶק *righteousness* | | | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל עֲבִידוּ לְכוֹן עוֹבָדִין טָבִין הֲלִיכוּ בְּאוֹרְחָא דְקוּשְׁטָא קַיִימוּ לְכוֹן אוּלְפַן אוֹרַיְתָא הָא בְּכָל עִדַן נְבִיַיָא אָמְרִין לְכוֹן תְּבוּ לִדְחַלְתָּא דַייָ כְּעַן יִתְגְלֵי וְיַיְתֵי זַכְוָן לְכוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Sow to yourselves according to righteousness, reap according to mercy, break up your fallow ground; for it is time to seek the LORD, till He come and cause righteousness to rain upon you.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.150/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:HOS:142`. - ← previous: [Hosea 10:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.10.11/) - next →: [Hosea 10:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.10.13/) - ↑ back to [Hosea 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/10/)