--- title: Hosea 10:14 — Therefore shall a tumult arise among thy hosts, and all thy fortress… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Therefore shall a tumult arise among thy hosts, and all thy fortresses shall be spoiled, as Shalman spoiled Beth-arbel in the day of battle; the mother was dashed in pieces with her children. Who acts: tumult, Shalman. Hosea 10:14 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.10.14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Hosea](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/10/) / 10:14 # Hosea 10:14 הוֹשֵׁעַ **Who acts:** tumult, Shalman · **What happens:** arise, spoil, dash · **To what, where:** hosts, fortresses, Beth arbel, mother, pieces This is Hosea 10:14 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — tumult, Shalman — and what happens in the verse to hosts, fortresses, Beth arbel, mother, pieces, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 14 chapters of Hosea on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְקָ֣אם שָׁאוֹן֮ בְּעַמֶּךָ֒ וְכָל־מִבְצָרֶ֣יךָ יוּשַּׁ֔ד כְּשֹׁ֧ד שַֽׁלְמַ֛ן בֵּ֥ית אַֽרְבֵ֖אל בֵּ֥ית אַֽרְבֵ֖אל בְּי֣וֹם מִלְחָמָ֑ה אֵ֥ם עַל־בָּנִ֖ים רֻטָּֽשָׁה׃ [Therefore shall a tumult arise among thy hosts, and all thy fortresses shall be spoiled, as Shalman spoiled Beth-arbel in the day of battle; the mother was dashed in pieces with her children.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.152/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:HOS:144 # text = וְקָ֣אם שָׁאוֹן֮ בְּעַמֶּךָ֒ וְכָל־מִבְצָרֶ֣יךָ יוּשַּׁ֔ד כְּשֹׁ֧ד שַֽׁלְמַ֛ן בֵּ֥ית אַֽרְבֵ֖אל בֵּ֥ית אַֽרְבֵ֖אל בְּי֣וֹם מִלְחָמָ֑ה אֵ֥ם עַל־בָּנִ֖ים רֻטָּֽשָׁה׃ # verse = HOS.10.14 1-2 וְקָ֣אם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=HOS_10:14!1|MId=o280100140011|Strong=2050b 2 קָ֣אם קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.will.arise|Ref=HOS_10:14!1|MId=o280100140012|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:280100140021;|Type=weqatal 3 שָׁאוֹן֮ שָׁאוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=an.uproar|Ref=HOS_10:14!2|MId=o280100140021|Strong=7588 4-6 בְּעַמֶּךָ֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=among|Ref=HOS_10:14!3|MId=o280100140031|Strong=0871a 5 עַמּ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=people|Ref=HOS_10:14!3|MId=o280100140032|Strong=5971 6 ֶךָ֒ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=HOS_10:14!3|MId=o280100140033|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 7-8 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=HOS_10:14!4|MId=o280100140041|Strong=2050b 8 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=HOS_10:14!4|MId=o280100140042|Strong=3605 9-10 מִבְצָרֶ֣יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 מִבְצָרֶ֣י מִבְצָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=fortresses|Ref=HOS_10:14!5|MId=o280100140051|Strong=4013 10 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=HOS_10:14!5|MId=o280100140052|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 11 יוּשַּׁ֔ד שָׁדַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QALPASSIVE|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.will.be.devastated|Ref=HOS_10:14!6|MId=o280100140061|Strong=7703|Frame=A1:280100140051;|Type=yiqtol 12-13 כְּשֹׁ֧ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=HOS_10:14!7|MId=o280100140071|Strong=3509a 13 שֹׁ֧ד שֹׁד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=the.devastation|Ref=HOS_10:14!7|MId=o280100140072|Strong=7701 14 שַֽׁלְמַ֛ן שַׁלְמַן PROPN _ _ 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Shalman|Ref=HOS_10:14!8|MId=o280100140081|Strong=8020 15 בֵּ֥ית בֵּית PROPN _ _ 13 nmod _ Gloss=Beth|Ref=HOS_10:14!9|MId=o280100140091 16 אַֽרְבֵ֖אל אַרְבֵאל PROPN _ _ 15 flat:name _ Ref=HOS_10:14!9 17 בֵּ֥ית בֵּית PROPN _ _ 13 nmod _ Gloss=Arbel|Ref=HOS_10:14!10|MId=o280100140101 18 אַֽרְבֵ֖אל אַרְבֵאל PROPN _ _ 17 flat:name _ Ref=HOS_10:14!10 19-20 בְּי֣וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=on.[the]|Ref=HOS_10:14!11|MId=o280100140111|Strong=0871a 20 י֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=HOS_10:14!11|MId=o280100140112|Strong=3117 21 מִלְחָמָ֑ה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.battle|Ref=HOS_10:14!12|MId=o280100140121|Strong=4421 22 אֵ֥ם אֵם NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ Gloss=mother|Ref=HOS_10:14!13|MId=o280100140131|Strong=0517 23 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=HOS_10:14!14|MId=o280100140141|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 24 בָּנִ֖ים בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 25 obl _ Gloss=children|Ref=HOS_10:14!15|MId=o280100140151|Strong=1121 25 רֻטָּֽשָׁה רָטַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PUAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=she.was.dashed.in.pieces|Ref=HOS_10:14!16|MId=o280100140161|Strong=7376|Frame=A1:280100140121;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=HOS_10:14!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | קָאם *it will arise* | weqatal · qal | שָׁאוֹן *an uproar* | | | | | יוּשַּׁד *it will be devastated* | yiqtol · qalpassive | | מִבְצָרֶי *fortresses* | | | | רֻטָּֽשָׁה *she was dashed in pieces* | qatal · pual | | מִלְחָמָה *of battle* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וִיקוּם אִתְרְגוּשָׁא בְּעַמָךְ וְכָל כְּרַכָּךְ יִתְבַּזְזוּן כְּבִזַת שְׁלָמָא כִּכְמָנָא בְּיוֹמָא דִקְרָבָא אֵם עַל בְּנִין קְטִילַת: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Therefore shall a tumult arise among thy hosts, and all thy fortresses shall be spoiled, as Shalman spoiled Beth-arbel in the day of battle; the mother was dashed in pieces with her children.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.152/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:HOS:144`. - ← previous: [Hosea 10:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.10.13/) - next →: [Hosea 10:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.10.15/) - ↑ back to [Hosea 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/10/)