--- title: Hosea 10:8 — The high places also of Aven shall be destroyed, even the sin of Isr… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: The high places also of Aven shall be destroyed, even the sin of Israel. The thorn and the thistle shall come up on their altars; and they shall say to the mountains: 'Cover us', and to the hills: 'Fall on us.' Who acts: thorn. Hosea 10:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.10.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Hosea](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/10/) / 10:8 # Hosea 10:8 הוֹשֵׁעַ **Who acts:** thorn · **What happens:** destroy, come up, say, cover, fall · **To what, where:** high places, altars, us · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Hosea 10:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — thorn — and what happens in the verse to high places, altars, us, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 14 chapters of Hosea on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְנִשְׁמְד֞וּ בָּמ֣וֹת אָ֗וֶן חַטַּאת֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל ק֣וֹץ וְדַרְדַּ֔ר יַעֲלֶ֖ה עַל־מִזְבְּחוֹתָ֑ם וְאָמְר֤וּ לֶֽהָרִים֙ כַּסּ֔וּנוּ וְלַגְּבָע֖וֹת נִפְל֥וּ עָלֵֽינוּ׃ס [The high places also of Aven shall be destroyed, even the sin of Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.145/) [The thorn and the thistle shall come up on their altars; and they shall say to the mountains: 'Cover us', and to the hills: 'Fall on us.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.146/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:HOS:138 # text = וְנִשְׁמְד֞וּ בָּמ֣וֹת אָ֗וֶן חַטַּאת֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל ק֣וֹץ וְדַרְדַּ֔ר יַעֲלֶ֖ה עַל־מִזְבְּחוֹתָ֑ם וְאָמְר֤וּ לֶֽהָרִים֙ כַּסּ֔וּנוּ וְלַגְּבָע֖וֹת נִפְל֥וּ עָלֵֽינוּ׃ס # verse = HOS.10.8 1-2 וְנִשְׁמְד֞וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=HOS_10:8!1|MId=o280100080011|Strong=2050b 2 נִשְׁמְד֞וּ שָׁמַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.will.be.destroyed|Ref=HOS_10:8!1|MId=o280100080012|Strong=8045|Frame=A1:280100080021;|Type=weqatal 3 בָּמ֣וֹת בָּמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].high.places|Ref=HOS_10:8!2|MId=o280100080021|Strong=1116 4 אָ֗וֶן אָוֶן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.wickedness|Ref=HOS_10:8!3|MId=o280100080031|Strong=0205 5 חַטַּאת֙ חַטָּאת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 appos _ Gloss=the.sin|Ref=HOS_10:8!4|MId=o280100080041|Strong=2403 6 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=HOS_10:8!5|MId=o280100080051|Strong=3478 7 ק֣וֹץ קוֹץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=thorn[s]|Ref=HOS_10:8!6|MId=o280100080061|Strong=6975 8-9 וְדַרְדַּ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=HOS_10:8!7|MId=o280100080071|Strong=2050b 9 דַרְדַּ֔ר דַּרְדַּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 conj _ Gloss=thistle[s]|Ref=HOS_10:8!7|MId=o280100080072|Strong=1863 10 יַעֲלֶ֖ה עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=it.will.grow.up|Ref=HOS_10:8!8|MId=o280100080081|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:280100080061;280100080072;|Type=yiqtol 11 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=HOS_10:8!9|MId=o280100080091|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 12-13 מִזְבְּחוֹתָ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 מִזְבְּחוֹת מִזְבֵּחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 obl _ Gloss=altars|Ref=HOS_10:8!10|MId=o280100080101|Strong=4196 13 ָ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=HOS_10:8!10|MId=o280100080102|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 14-15 וְאָמְר֤וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=HOS_10:8!11|MId=o280100080111|Strong=2050b 15 אָמְר֤וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.will.say|Ref=HOS_10:8!11|MId=o280100080112|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:280100080051;A1:280100080131;|Type=weqatal 16-18 לֶֽהָרִים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לֶֽ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=HOS_10:8!12|MId=o280100080121|Strong=3807a 17 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=HOS_10:8!12|MId=o280100080121ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 הָרִים֙ הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 obl _ Gloss=mountains|Ref=HOS_10:8!12|MId=o280100080122|Strong=2022 19-20 כַּסּ֔וּנוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 כַּסּ֔וּ כָּסָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 15 ccomp _ Gloss=cover|Ref=HOS_10:8!13|MId=o280100080131|Strong=3680|Frame=A0:280100080123;A1:280100080132;|Type=imperative 20 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 19 obj _ Gloss=us|Ref=HOS_10:8!13|MId=o280100080132|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 21-24 וְלַגְּבָע֖וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=HOS_10:8!14|MId=o280100080141|Strong=2050b 22 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=HOS_10:8!14|MId=o280100080142|Strong=3807a 23 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=HOS_10:8!14|MId=o280100080142ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 גְּבָע֖וֹת גִּבְעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 25 obl _ Gloss=hills|Ref=HOS_10:8!14|MId=o280100080143|Strong=1389 25 נִפְל֥וּ נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 15 conj _ Gloss=fall|Ref=HOS_10:8!15|MId=o280100080151|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:280100080144;|Type=imperative 26-27 עָלֵֽינוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 עָלֵֽי עַל ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=HOS_10:8!16|MId=o280100080161|Strong=5921 27 נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 25 obl _ Gloss=us|Ref=HOS_10:8!16|MId=o280100080162|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=HOS_10:8!16|SpaceAfter=No 29 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=HOS_10:8!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נִשְׁמְדוּ *they will be destroyed* | weqatal · niphal | | בָּמוֹת *\[the\] high places* | | | | יַעֲלֶה *it will grow up* | yiqtol · qal | קוֹץ *thorn\[s\]* + דַרְדַּר *thistle\[s\]* | | | | | אָמְרוּ *they will say* | weqatal · qal | יִשְׂרָאֵל *of Israel* | כַּסּוּ *cover* | | | | כַּסּוּ *cover* | imperative · piel | | נוּ *us* | | | | נִפְלוּ *fall* | imperative · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְיִצְדְיָן בָּמַת בֵּית אֵל חוֹבֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל גְרָמוּ לְהוֹן דְיִגְלוּן כּוּבִין וְאַטְדִין יִסְקוּן עַל אֱגוֹרֵיהוֹן כְּעַן אַיְתֵי עֲלֵיהוֹן עָקָא דְמוֹתָא דִיהוֹן דָמָן כְּאִילוּ טוּרַיָא חָפָן לְהוֹן וְרָמָתָא נְפָלוּ עֲלֵיהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [The high places also of Aven shall be destroyed, even the sin of Israel.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.145/) 2. [The thorn and the thistle shall come up on their altars; and they shall say to the mountains: 'Cover us', and to the hills: 'Fall on us.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.146/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:HOS:138`. - ← previous: [Hosea 10:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.10.7/) - next →: [Hosea 10:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.10.9/) - ↑ back to [Hosea 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/10/)